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   International Peace Research Initiative (IPRI)
Conflict Resolution and Peace Research Programme
National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS)
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Conflict Weekly #194, 21 September 2023, Vol.4, No.38
An initiative by NIAS-IPRI and the India Office of the KAS

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IPRI # 389, 21 September 2023

Conflcit Weekly
Violence and Ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh, Auto Workers’ Strike in the US, Fighting in Sudan, Another Migrant Crisis in Italy, and the US-Iran Prisoners Exchange

  IPRI Team

Abigail Miriam Fernandez, Lakshmi Parimal H, Jerry Franklin, Rishika Yadav and Shamini Velayutham 

Azerbaijan and Armenia: Another Round of Violence followed by Ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez

In the news
On 20 September, the Azerbaijani government halted military operations in Nagorno-Karabakh after reaching a ceasefire agreement with ethnic Armenian forces. According to the agreement outlined by Azerbaijan and Russia, the forces are to be disbanded and disarmed as negotiations on the future of ethnic Armenians living in the region begin on 21 September.

On 19 September, Azerbaijan launched a new military operation in Nagorno-Karabakh using precision weapons to target Armenian firing posts and other regional military facilities. A statement from Azerbaijan’s Ministry of Defence claimed: “local anti-terrorist” operations in Nagorno-Karabakh were launched to “disarm and secure the withdrawal of Armenia’s armed formations” from its territory. The Ministry added: “As part of the activities, only legitimate military installations and infrastructure are targeted and incapacitated using high-precision weapons.” Further, Azerbaijan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement declaring that the “dissolution” of the unrecognised pro-Armenian government in the region would “achieve peace and stability.”

Issues at large
First, the resumption of large-scale military operations. The scale of operations launched by Azerbaijan was the largest since the six-week conflict with Armenia in 2020. Azerbaijan’s army claimed it had captured over 90 positions from the ethnic Armenians. The tensions over Nagorno-Karabakh have continued despite the ceasefire agreement reached in 2020 with frequent skirmishes and fighting at several posts in the region. The situation worsened with Azerbaijan’s blockade of the Lachin Corridor, the mountain road linking Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia. 

Second, Azerbaijan’s claims over Nagorno-Karabakh. Over the recent past, Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev has been assertive in his rhetoric over the region, despite Armenia recognising that the region is the sovereign territory of Azerbaijan. In May, Aliyev said about the ethnic Armenians: “Either they will bend their necks and come themselves, or things will develop differently.” This aggression was seen in the recent developments when he called for “the dissolution of the puppet regime” in Nagorno-Karabakh. 

Third, the dwindling status of the unrecognised Republic of Artsakh. The unrecognised government in Nagorno-Karabakh, or the Republic of Artsakh, has claimed to be under “intense fire,” describing Azerbaijan’s actions as the start of a “large-scale military offensive” and accusing them of “typical ethnic cleansing operations.” Its troops have also come under fire during the recent skirmishes, causing them to surrender and agree to the recent ceasefire agreement. Meanwhile, Armenia has indirectly distanced itself from the region as Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan claimed that the country does not participate in military operations, reiterating that they do not have an army in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Fourth, the inability of the Russian peacekeeping forces. Russia has deployed around 2,000 soldiers as peacekeeping forces along the Lachin corridor under a five-year mandate. However, its role in the region has been questioned since the beginning due to its lack of intervention in maintaining peace. Additionally, Russia's preoccupation with Ukraine and the Armenian-Russian tensions have also affected its influence in the region.

Fifth, stalled negotiations. Azerbaijan and Armenia have been engaged in high-level talks since 2020. These talks have been brokered by Russia, the United States and the European Union. Despite the willingness to negotiate, these talks continued to be stalled due to the lack of consensus on key issues, including the fate of ethnic Armenians and the demarcation of the borders between the two countries. 

In perspective
First, the risk of another military conflict. The risk of a full-blown military conflict is unlikely due to the unbalanced dynamics. Unlike in 2020, the regional geopolitics have changed; Armenia has taken a less assertive stance due to the lack of support from the public and Russia and is therefore not able to wage a full-scale conflict. Conversely, Azerbaijan has strategically used aggression to consolidate its position in the region. The tension in the form of low-intensity skirmishes will likely continue with the possibility of a mass exodus shortly. 

Second, the difficulties in addressing the issues. The two sides have been brought closer due to the ongoing negotiations; however, the renewed fighting indicates that the diplomatic efforts have failed to reach a sustainable peace agreement. Since 2020, the ceasefire agreements have been criticised for being lopsided, and unable to address the obstacles that continue to disturb the region. Additionally, the exclusion of the ethnic Armenian authorities in the negotiations is also a lacuna that needs to be addressed.

Third, the role of external actors. The US, the EU, Turkey, and Russia will continue to play a mediating role in the conflict. However, it is unclear to what extent these countries would contribute in resolving the issue. For now, the US and the EU have taken up a prominent role in the peace negotiations, while Russia's intervention is limited. Conversely, Turkey would continue to be an ardent supporter of Azerbaijan. However, the power politics over the region is yet to manifest itself. 


The US: The Auto Workers' Strike against the Detroit Three
Lakshmi Parimala H

In the news
On 15 September, 12,700 workers from the UAW (United Auto Workers) union walked out of the Detroit Three, which includes General Motors, Ford Motor and Chrysler. UAW is a North American industrial union of automotive and other vehicular workers headquartered in Detroit, representing workers in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. The workers started strikes after failing to reach an agreement over the new contract after the prior four-year labour agreement expired on 14 September, marking the first simultaneous strike against the three companies. 

On 14 September, stating that a new offer had been made by them, General Motors stated that the company engaged in “continuous, direct, and good faith negotiations” to avoid a strike. Ford and Chrysler have also emphasised bargaining overstrikes. 

On the same day, US President Joe Biden expressed his support to the union autoworkers, stating: “Over generations auto workers sacrificed so much to keep the industry alive and strong, especially through the economic crisis and the pandemic. Workers deserve a fair share of the benefits they helped create for an enterprise.” Acknowledging and appreciating the offers made by the companies, he underlined the need for them to go further to ensure that “record corporate profits mean record contracts for the UAW.”

Issues at large
First, the demands put forth by the union. The UAW is demanding a 40 per cent wage rise by 2027, including an immediate 20 per cent boost. Besides the wage hikes, union negotiators are also seeking restoration of cost-of-living pay raises, removal of the tier-system of wages, a 32-hour week with 40 hours of pay, and pension increases for retirees. However, the three automakers have proposed a 20 per cent raise through 2027 and an immediate wage boost of 10 per cent, which the union has not accepted. 

Second, failed negotiations. The negotiations over the demands have been in process for six weeks before the date of expiry of the previous contract. The concessions put forth by the companies during the negotiations did not contend with the union’s demands, hitting a roadblock. While the UAW is pushing for significant wage increases, aiming to align them with the salaries of top automaker CEOs, the automakers argue that the union's demands are unrealistic and could pose challenges to their operations.

Third, the approach of the first elected president. Shawn Fain, a 54-year-old American labour unionist leading the strikes for a reformed contract won the election in 2022 to become the leader of the UAW. Automakers had expressed outrage against his tactics and stance attacking the “billionaire class” and “corporate greed.” During the counting of votes, he stated: “This is the end of company unionism, where the companies and the union work together in a friendly way because it hasn’t been good for our members.”

Fourth, limited and targeted strikes. On 14 September, Fain announced that the initial strike locations would be “limited and targeted.” Unlike the previous strikes of the union, which were strikes against a single automaker, this strike targeted three companies at a time. The strikes are limited to three assembly plants: a GM factory in Wentzville, a Ford plant in Wayne, and a Jeep plant run by Stellantis in Toledo, Ohio. This strategy helps the union in two ways: first, by inflicting a wider impact on the companies, and second, by allowing the union to strike for longer and preserving its strike fund. 

In perspective
First, a potential effect on the companies and the economy. The automotive industry, which has just recovered from the pandemic, is facing another obstacle. The strikes are affecting the companies' ability to manufacture due to the number of people leaving the companies. There is also an indirect impact as the halt of production in one plant affects the supply of materials in the other plants. If the strikes continue and expand to other plants, they are expected to lead to a rise in car prices leading to inflation and a subsequent rise in interest rates. The strike is also affecting the workers who are being laid off.

Second, the rising number of strikes in the US. This year, workers across industries in the United States have been walking out of their jobs or are threatening to do so. In July, Hollywood saw a strike with thousands of actors and screenwriters joining the picket line. Similarly, an imminent strike by nearly 300,000 workers of United Parcel Service was averted with a last-minute agreement in August. 


Sudan: Intense Fighting between the Warring Sides
Jerry Franklin

In the news
On 19 September, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) reported that more than 1,200 children have died in Sudanese refugee camps from suspected measles and starvation. Additionally, the agency stated that every month in Sudan, more than 50,000 children need to be treated for malnutrition.

On 18 September, for the first time since the war began in April, fighting in Sudan reached the city of Port Sudan, where the Sudanese army battled with tribal militias, the Forces of the Eastern Sudan Parties and Movements Alliance. 

On 17 September, clashes between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) resulted in the burning of the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC) tower in Khartoum.

On 14 September, the commander of Rapid Support Forces (RSF), General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, threatened to install a government in regions under their control if his adversaries in the army established a government in Port Sudan.

On 13 September, the UN's special envoy to Sudan, Volker Perthes, stated that he would resign after being declared unwelcome by the military administration in the conflict-torn region. 

Issues at large
First, increased fighting in terms of intensity and geography. Heavy artillery and airstrikes were reported in Khartoum as the army and the RSF continued to fight for control of Khartoum. The armed fighting between the warring sides has intensified. The buildings of GNPOC, the Ministry of Justice, and the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SMO) in the Al Mugran neighbourhood were destroyed by fire during the recent violence in Khartoum. The Sudanese army engaged in combat with tribal militants devoted to the Beja tribe's leader, Sheba Darar in Port Sudan. This was the first violence in the city of Port Sudan in more than five months of conflict. Government representatives and representatives of the United Nations, who have evacuated from the country's war-torn capital Khartoum, are accommodated in Port Sudan, which is the only city with an operational airport. 

Second, the search for legitimacy by the RSF and Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The commander of the SAF, Al-Burhan, recently set up a base in Port Sudan, after departing the General Command of the Armed Forces' headquarters in Khartoum. Many federal government entities have now moved their operations to Port Sudan. The army and supporting political groups reportedly intend to set up an interim administration with Port Sudan as its capital. In retaliation, RSF leader Daglo has threatened to proclaim a new government with Khartoum as its capital. Besides, SAF leader al-Burhan had carried out regional visits to South Sudan, Qatar and Eritrea, calling for political and humanitarian support. Meanwhile, RSF’s special envoy, Yousif Izzat, met with the African Union chairperson, Moussa Faki Mahamat, to discuss RSF’s vision to end the conflict. RSF firmly opposes the Sudanese Army’s effort to represent Sudan on the international front and claim legitimacy. 

Third, failed efforts to reach a long-term truce. Many international actors, including the US, Saudi Arabia and the Arab League, have attempted to establish a ceasefire in the region to de-escalate the conflict; however, they failed to sustain it. Since the commencement of the conflict, both parties have routinely breached several ceasefires led by the US and Saudi Arabia. In August 2023, the RSF's leader Dagalo made a 10-point plan calling for new negotiations to end the conflict. However, the Sudanese army rejected the proposal, declaring that they would not negotiate a deal with traitors, and denying appeals for a ceasefire. 

Fourth, the continued cycle of violence. According to estimates from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), nearly 5,000 people have died due to the violence since April. According to UN statistics, more than 4.6 million people have been compelled to evacuate their homes in the four months of conflict. Food supplies are exhausted and humanitarian workers are unable to reach the needy due to conflicts and roadblocks.

In perspective
First, the fight for legitimacy. The army attempts to portray that the fight is between the state and a rebel group rather than between two sections of the security forces. The US has imposed sanctions on RSF deputy leader Abdelrahim Hamdan Dagalo’s assets in the US and had his visa suspended for the human rights violations committed during the fighting. The SAF has been using the US sanctions on the RSF to seek legitimacy.
 
Second, the possibility of civil war. The recent violence in Port Sudan poses a threat of violence expanding to other parts of Sudan which could worsen the humanitarian crisis and lead to a prolonged power struggle. The constant efforts to establish regional, national and international legitimacy by both the warring sides may result in a full-fledged civil war shortly. The humanitarian crisis would exacerbate as the conflict worsens and there is less hope for the long-awaited democratic transition.


Italy: Migrant crisis in the Mediterranean
Rishika Yadav

In the news
On 18 September, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni implemented strict measures over a recent surge in migrant arrivals. The measures include extending the detention period for illegal migrants from three to up to 18 months and constructing new detention centres for those arriving without visas. 

On 17 September, during her visit to Lampedusa, EU President Ursula von der Leyen stated: “Migration is a European challenge and it needs a European answer and solution.” Meloni stated: “The ‘problem’ of migrants crossing the Mediterranean to Europe cannot be solved by redistributing migrants within European borders but rather requires tackling the problem externally and preventing the departure of migrants.” 

On 14 September, the Associated Press quoted the Italian Red Cross report on the arrival of 6,800 migrants on Italy’s Island of Lampedusa, 100 kilometres off the coast of Tunisia. These migrants arrived in unseaworthy boats in a span of 24 hours. Authorities faced challenges in transferring them to the mainland. 

Italian Minister of Interior, Matteo Piantedosi, discussed the increasing number of migrants in Lampedusa, with the European Commissioner for Home Affairs, Ylva Johansson, highlighting the need for a new European strategy against human traffickers.   

Issues at large
First, the migrant issue in the Mediterranean. According to the EU border agency, Frontex, the Central Mediterranean is the most active route for migrants into the EU this year with nearly 114,300 arrivals reported by national authorities in the first eight months of 2023. The Central Mediterranean route runs from Libya and Tunisia to Italy and Malta, a popular route for Sub-Saharan African migrants reaching Tunisia. The Eastern Mediterranean route that connects Turkey to Greece, is primarily used by Syrian refugees. Additionally, Migrants aim for Spanish autonomous Canary Islands via the Western Mediterranean route from eastern Morocco and the Atlantic route from western Morocco. Migrants using these routes also face challenges including overcrowded and perilous vessels, exploitation by traffickers, violence, and limited rescue capabilities.

Second, Italy’s migrant crisis. According to the Italian government, nearly 127,000 refugees and migrants reached the country this year. This figure is double compared to 2022, during the same period. Italy’s escalating migrant crisis has triggered protests among Lampedusa residents. Far-right parties including Brothers of Italy and the League emphasise security threats relating to the migrant influx, reviving narratives of criminalising migration. The crisis has overwhelmed Lampedusa’s facilities, prompting concerns about humanitarian conditions. The island’s migrant reception centre capacity is only 400; however, currently, it is hosting 4,000 people, causing devastation. 

Third, the divided debate within the EU. Von der Leyen visited Lampedusa, promising to take action on the migrant crisis. However, the EU’s response has been slow due to disagreements among member countries over the deal between the EU and Tunisia to address irregular migration. According to the deal, the EU promised an aid package worth USD 1,01 million to Tunisia as the country struggles with economic crisis and an influx of migrants and refugees seeking to reach Europe. 

In perspective
First, the increasing migrant crossings in the Mediterranean. The increasing influx of migrants from multiple Mediterranean routes is likely to put significant pressure on regional actors, border security and humanitarian efforts. Additionally, climate disasters also contribute to migration. Recent floods in Libya may further increase the influx of migrants. 

Second, the effect on Italy. The escalating influx of migrants in Italy is straining resources, sparking political debates on security. It is raising humanitarian concerns, posing challenges pertaining to both the social cohesion and the political in the country.

Third, the impact of the divide within the EU. EU debates might affect cooperation among member states impacting migrant reception. It will further delay a cohesive and effective response to the Mediterranean migrant crisis. It will potentially deepen the humanitarian and political challenges faced by the region. Finding common ground among member countries will be essential to address this complex and multifaceted issue.


US and Iran: Prisoner exchange deal for USD six billion
Shamini Velayutham

In the news
On 18 September, after two years of tense negotiations, five US citizens who had been detained in Iran were released in exchange for the US agreeing to unfreeze USD six billion in Iranian oil. Iran’s money was held in South Korean banks namely the Industrial Bank of Korea and Woori Bank. 

Following the release, US President Joe Biden stated: “Reuniting wrongfully detained Americans with their loved ones has been a priority.” 
 
Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi stated that the exchange could be “a step in the direction of a humanitarian action between us and America” and “it can definitely help in building trust”.

On 19 September, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Korea apprised: “Our government has been closely negotiating with the United States, Iran and the related countries on resolving the frozen assets and we expect the issue to be resolved amicably.” 

The South Korean government said that Iranian funds that had been frozen in the country's banks following the US sanctions on Tehran had now been released to Qatari banks. The effective transfer of the cash to a third country in tight coordination with the pertinent countries was confirmed in a joint statement from the Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Finance. The government has also expressed optimism that after the unfreezing of the Iranian cash, relations between Seoul and Tehran will improve. 

Issues at large
First, the tensions between the US and Iran. An increase in tension between Iran and the US came following the Trump administration’s withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), in 2019. Since August 2023, the increasing military drills in the Gulf waters further increased tensions. In August, more than 3,000 US personnel were deployed in the Red Sea after the US accused Iran of seizing several international civilian ships in July, which Iran denied. In response, Iran accused the US of fuelling instability and insecurity in the region. Besides, Iran has been critical of regular joint military drills between Israel and the US. In January, the US and Israel carried out its largest joint military exercise, Juniper Oak 2023. 

Second, the US sanctions. Trump's reimposition of US trade sanctions in 2019 and 2020 against Iran forced governments and businesses from Europe and Asia to refrain from doing business with Tehran, posing a challenge to Iran's oil exports. In 2022 and 2023, the US Department of the Treasury imposed 38 and 19 sanctions, respectively. On 18 September, the Biden administration announced fresh sanctions on former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence regarding the disappearance of a US citizen. 

Third, the internal divide within the US. The Republicans criticised Biden for his move, claiming that the deal would motivate Iran and other countries to detain US citizens further. Former President Donald Trump expressed his concern, stating that the deal had amounted to a “terrible precedent.” Mike McCaul, the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, stated that the prisoner swap “creates a direct incentive for America’s adversaries to conduct future hostage-taking.” Arkansas Senator Tom Cotton accused Biden of “paying ransom to the world’s worst state sponsor of terrorism.” Meanwhile, the opinions within the Democrats are divided. A large section has defended the deal as it paves the way for a larger Middle Eastern cooperation. The Democratic chair of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Bob Menendez, lauded the release of the detainees and stated: “They should have never been detained in the first place, and I welcome them back to the loving embrace of their families. This is a moment to celebrate.” A centrist Democrat, Dean Phillips, stated that the prisoner exchange was “disconcerting on the surface,” and has requested for a closure on the overall deal. 

In perspective
First, although the deal according to Biden has proven to be successful, the backlash he received from the Republicans has made his candidacy in the forthcoming election uncertain. However, Biden sees the deal as an achievement that will engage the US to a larger perspective in the Middle Eastern corridor. His administration, through prisoner swaps and unfreezing of Iranian funds, is expected to build trust that creates conditions for further discussions on Iran’s nuclear programme. He further seeks to engage with the Middle Eastern countries as his election strategy and to restore the long-lost ties with the adversaries. 

Second, despite the backlashes, this deal is significant for both countries in terms of the progression of the nuclear deal. Establishing similar deals will likely foster better diplomatic ties between Iran and the US. 


Issues in Peace and Conflict This Week:
Regional Roundups

Rishika Yadav, Anu Maria Joseph, Femy Francis, Padmashree Anandan, Dhriti Mukherjee and Akriti Sharma

East and Southeast Asia 
China: Strategic security consultation meeting in Russia
On 18 September, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and unnamed members from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs visited Russia for their annual strategic security consultation. Wang Yi met with Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sergey Lavrov, discussing their resolve to establish a multipolar world order and Wang Yi stressed that as permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, they bear the responsibility to maintain global stability and development. Lavrov stated: “China and Russia, as leading global powers and permanent members of the UN. The Security Council bears special responsibility for maintaining global strategic stability and global development.” He added: “The importance of Russian-Chinese cooperation for ensuring justice in world affairs, for ensuring a balance of interests in the processes that are developing in a variety of directions.” The meeting comes in light of fraying relations between Russia and China with the West.

China: Open communication with Malaysia over South China Sea tensions
On 17 September, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim announced that Malaysia and China agreed to a communication over the South China Sea tensions. This came after he met with Chinese Premier Li Qiang at the 20th China-ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Expo in the city of Nanning, China, on 17 September. The Chinese state news agency, Xinhua, quoted Li on Chinese commitment to work closely with Malaysia to maintain peace in the South China Sea, safeguard ASEAN-centred regional cooperation and facilitate China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0.

Taiwan: 103 Chinese warplanes detected near the island
On 18 September, the Taiwanese Ministry of National Defence urged China to stop its military aggression. The ministry claimed that over 103 Chinese warplanes had been detected near the island in a span of 24 hours. The ministry informed that 40 planes out of 103 crossed over the Taiwan Strait and came inside the Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) as recognized by Taiwan. The ministry stated: “The continuous military harassment by the Communist military [People’s Liberation Army (PLA)] can easily lead to a sharp increase in tensions and worsen regional security.” It added: “We call on the Beijing authorities to take responsibility and immediately stop such destructive unilateral actions.”

Japan: China called to remove the buoy from the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone
On 20 September, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs ordered China to remove its buoy from the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). An anonymous Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs official stated: “We have been lodging protests in both Tokyo and Beijing since Japan’s coastguard in July found a buoy.” He added: “We have demanded the immediate removal of the buoy as it is against international laws.” The buoy was detected near the Japanese Senkaku Islands, a disputed region between China and Japan.

Myanmar: Junta troops targeted by anti-junta groups in Kachin State
On 15 September, Myanmar Now reported that anti-junta groups launched a series of attacks on a Myanmar army force over three days in the state of Kachin’s Hpakant Township near Indawgyi Lake. On 12 September, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) and the Indawgyi People’s Defence Force (PDF) attacked the junta infantry column, comprising around 70 troops, near the village of Shwe Let Pan village in the Hpakant Township. Subsequently, the KIA and Indawgyi PDF fired on the junta troops using heavy artillery. Junta troops took local gold mine workers hostage to use them as human shields. A PDF fighter stated that they “laid the explosives to the side of their route, and they walked right into them.” Resistance forces continued their attacks on the junta, resulting in several casualties among the soldiers and disrupting the lives of locals. The military council is yet to issue an official statement. The Myanmar junta has been fighting for control of the Nam Sang Yang village in the Hpakant Township for more than two months. KIA spokesperson, Colonel Naw Bu stated that more than 50 junta troops have been killed in July and August in the region.

South Asia
Pakistan: Foreign Office rejects claims of secret arms deal
On 17 September, The Dawn quoted The Intercept report claiming that the US helped to facilitate an International Monetary Fund (IMF) bailout for Pakistan earlier this year in place of Pakistan selling arms secretly to the US. This arms sale was allegedly made to supply arms to the Ukrainian military marking Pakistani involvement in the war in Ukraine under US pressure to take sides. The Dawn report quoted an unsourced report released in June claiming that an arms consignment from Pakistan Ordnance Factories was being shipped to Ukraine. It also referred to another report that alleges Pakistan setting up a defence trading firm in Warsaw to ease the arms supply to Ukraine. On 18 September, the Pakistani Foreign Office rejected the report; Foreign Office spokesperson Mumtaz Zahra Baloch described it as “baseless and fabricated”.

Pakistan and Afghanistan: Reopening of the Torkham Border
On 15 September, the Torkham border, between Afghanistan and Pakistan was reopened after nine days following clashes between two countries. It is the main land border crossing between the two countries and its closure has left travellers and vehicles stranded on both sides causing inconvenience. It had been closed on 6 September following a clash between the Afghan forces and the Pakistani military killing two Afghan soldiers and wounding several others. The Pakistan government accused Afghanistan of a “constructing unlawful structure” near the border and alleged unprovoked and indiscriminate firing by the Afghan forces that led to the closure. However, Afghanistan’s Taliban government rejected the allegations claiming that they were repairing an old security post and Pakistani forces allegedly opened fire.

Afghanistan: Taliban rejects claims of the UNAMA Report
On 20 September Reuters quoted a report released by the United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan (UNAMA) which has recorded over 1,600 incidents of human rights violations against people detained by the Taliban authorities. UNAMA stated: "In attempts to extract confessions or other information, detainees were subjected to severe pain and suffering, through physical beatings, electric shocks, asphyxiation, stress positions and forced ingestion of water, as well as blind-folding and threats.” According to the report, nearly half of them underwent torture and ill-treatment carried out by police and intelligence agents; 18 people had died in prisons and custody under police and intelligence in the past 19 months. Additionally, one in ten of the violations were against women. The report covers the period from January 2022 to July 2023. In response, the Taliban-led Ministry of Foreign Affairs rejected the claim and called it propaganda.

Central Asia, the Middle East, and Africa
Iran: Several IAEA inspectors expelled
On 16 September, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Chief, Rafael Grossi, condemned Iran’s move barring the majority of its experienced inspectors assigned to the country hindering its oversight of Tehran’s atomic activities. According to Al Jazeera, the Iranian move is a response to a call led by the US, the UK, France and Germany at the IAEA’s Board of Governors meeting that was held on 11 September. They had called on Tehran to cooperate with the agency on issues of the uranium traces found at undeclared sites. While Grossi termed Iran’s move as “disproportionate,” “unprecedented” and as an “overreaction,” the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs described the move as an attempt by the US, the UK, France and Germany to misuse the IAEA “for their own political purposes.”

Iran: First death anniversary of Mahsa Amini’s 
On 16 September, Iran marked the first death anniversary of Mahsa Amini. Her father, Amjad Amini, was detained by Iranian security forces in an attempt to stop people gathering at her grave amid strikes and protests across the country. According to the Kurdistan Human Rights Network, the Iranian government warned him against marking her death anniversary. The Guardian reported that the security forces had increased their presence across Iran in anticipation of the protests and continued the arrest of dissidents. However, protesters chanted slogans such as “Death to the dictator!” and “Woman, Life, Freedom!” across the capital Tehran.

Syria: Anti-government protests by Druze community
On 15 September, 10,000 members of Syria's Druze religious minority gathered in the southern city of Sweida to protest against the government, for the fourth week in a row. This gathering in particular was in response to Syrian President Bashar Assad’s decision to terminate fuel subsidies. This decision strikes a severe blow to the public, which is already struggling with the worsening economic crisis caused by rising prices and electricity shortages. The protestors chanted anti-government slogans and demanded a “peaceful transfer of power” to make way for a “secular democratic state governed by the constitution and the law.” The city's public transportation system also went on strike in support of the protest, and all public buildings were closed. 

Libya: Hundreds protest against the flood management
On 19 September, hundreds of residents in Libya’s city of Derna protested against the authorities for their failure to manage the floods that killed thousands in the city. They criticised the leader of the eastern Libyan parliament, Aguila Saleh, and the city authorities, for mismanagement in disaster warning and evacuation operations. The protesters also set alight the house of Derna’s mayor, Abdulmenam al-Ghaithi. According to the Red Crescent, at least 11,000 people have died and 20,000 others are missing following the torrential rains caused by the storm Daniel on 10 September and the devastating floods that followed.

Ethiopia: Continuing human rights abuses in Tigray reports the UN
On 18 September, the UN Human Rights Council released a report titled “Report of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia.” According to the report, war crimes and further crimes against humanity are being committed by all of the warring parties in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, even after the peace deal signed in November 2022 between the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and Ethiopian federal forces. The Chair of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia, Mohamed Chande Othman, stated alongside the release of the report: “While the signing of the agreement may have mostly silenced the guns, it has not resolved the conflict in the north of the country, in particular in Tigray, nor has it brought about any comprehensive peace.” The report claimed that TPLF, federal forces, Eritrean forces and their respective regional allied militias including the Amhara forces and the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), are carrying out human rights abuses, including sexual violence, in the region. All the parties had previously denied similar accusations.

Eritrea: 200 anti-government Eritreans arrested in Germany over clashes
On 17 September, more than 200 opponents of the Eritrean government were arrested after clashes with the police in the city of Stuttgart in Germany. The clashes erupted during an Eritrean cultural festival marking 30 years of independence from Britain, which was organised by the supporters loyal to the Eritrean regime. Police officers reported that they were sent to contain “massive violence” between the opposing groups. Previously, on 2 September Al Jazeera reported that more than 100 people were injured in Israel’s city of Tel Aviv during a clash between a rival group of protesters from Eritrea. The clashes were between the anti-government and pro-government factions of Eritrean asylum seekers residing in the city of Tel Aviv. Consequently, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced plans to deport Eritrean asylum seekers in the country. 

Mali: Tuareg rebels launch attacks in army bases
On 18 September, BBC Africa reported on the claims of Tuareg rebels from northern Mali on seizing control of two army bases. BBC quoted a Malian official who informed AFP news agency of fighting in the town of Léré in the Timbuktu region on 17 September. An alliance of the Tuareg group, Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA), re-launched a rebellion in August following the expulsion of the UN peacekeepers from the country. An unrecognised spokesman for the CMA stated: “We attacked and took control of the two military camps in the town of Léré this Sunday.” The renewed rebellion comes weeks after the al-Qaeda-linked jihadist group, Support Group for Islam and Muslims (GSIM), declared “war in the Timbuktu region.” The peace deal between Tuareg separatists in 2015 has floundered since the coup in 2020. 

Europe and the Americas 
Sweden: Greta Thunberg faces second charge
On 18 September, according to Euronews, climate activist Greta Thunberg was charged with disobeying a police order for the second time in Sweden. In July, she was fined KR 2,500 for a similar offence. Though Thunberg admitted to disobeying the police order, she claimed that it was necessary. She stated that it was “absurd that those who act in line with science should pay the price for it.” Thunberg and other activists returned to Malmo harbour in protest against fossil fuel use, shortly after the first verdict. They were forcibly removed, and prosecutors cited a lack of permission for the demonstration. Thunberg faces a second trial on 27 September, potentially receiving a six-month prison sentence. However, she stated that since “the climate crisis is already a matter of life and death for countless people,” she and other protestors are “definitely not going to back down.”

Ukraine: Defence ministry claims advance in Bakhmut and Sea of Azov
On 18 September, Ukraine’s Deputy Minister of Defence, Hanna Maliar, reported on the success of the counteroffensive by the Ukrainian forces on the eastern and southern front. The forces are reportedly asserting control in Bakhmut and advancing towards the Sea of Azov. Until now, more than 260 square kilometres have been captured by Ukrainian forces. On the same day, Ukraine’s General for ground forces, Oleksandr Syrskyi, claimed a breakthrough south of Bakhmut. On 17 September, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced the recapture of Klishchiivka, a strategically important town south of Bakhmut. Klishchiivka’s recapture could facilitate the encirclement of Bakhmut, seized by Russian forces in May.

Europe: Switzerland and US air forces to conduct a joint training exercise
On 18 September, the Federal Council of Switzerland reported on Switzerland’s Air Force and the US Air Force joint training exercise. The exercise will take place between 18 and 21 September in the Swiss airspace, where the country's 17 and 18 Air Force Squadrons along with the US Air Force’s 510th Fighter Squadron will participate. Swiss aircraft will operate from the Payerne Air Base in the canton of Vaud; whereas the US aircraft will operate from the Aviano Air Base in Italy. This exercise aims to evaluate the planning, execution and debriefing of air defence exercises and share experiences. It aligns with Switzerland’s strategy to bolster defence capabilities through international cooperation as outlined in the Federal Council’s security policy report, “Switzerland's Security 2022,” released in June.

The UK: Sunak’s decision to ease UK’s 2050 net zero target
On 20 September, the UK’s Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, announced a plan that would ease several measures that were part of the government’s green commitments for 2050. According to his decision, the ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars will be shifted from 2030 to 2035 and the phasing out of gas boilers will be postponed to 2035. Sunak commented that this decision does not indicate “losing our ambition or abandoning our commitments,” and is a “more proportionate way” of achieving the Conservative Party’s net zero policy. Additionally, he stated that the country remains committed to international targets including the “promises in Paris and Glasgow to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees.” The decision has triggered debates among the car industry players. The Chief Executive of KIA, Paul Philpott, called it a misstep as the company has already altered its supply chain and product planning, while Jaguar and Toyota termed it as a “pragmatic” approach.

Guatemala: Bernardo Arevalo leads protests to protect the country’s democracy 
On 18 September, Guatemala’s President elect Bernardo Arevalo, led a protest in Guatemala City after filing a legal challenge against what he describes as “coup mongers.” Arevalo claimed that he aims to protect the democratic nature of elections by putting “a stop to that corrupt and coup-mongering minority that tries to deny the people of Guatemala the right to live in democracy.” This protest stems from fears of potential illegitimate actions by individuals including Guatemala’s attorney general, María Consuelo Porras, in derailing the election results. Porras’ office attested to this fear by opening boxes containing ballots to ensure there is no voter fraud. This action has been criticised as it violates voter privacy, with US Ambassador to the Organization of American States Francisco O Mora terming it as “anti-democratic behaviour.”  

Guatemala: President Giammattei in response to concerns about Guatemala’s democracy
On 19 September, while addressing the United Nations General Assembly, Brazil’s President Lula da Silva warned of the looming “risk of coup” in Guatemala, resulting in Guatemala’s outgoing President Alejandro Giammattei denying this. In response to Lula, who said that the coup could “impede the inauguration of the winner of democratic elections,” Giammattei later took to the podium to condemn the “unnecessary international involvement” in Guatemala’s upcoming elections. Besides, there are increasing tensions and movements in the country by those who believe that election results may be tampered with, given the rise of anti-corruption President elect Bernardo Arevalo. However, Giammattei maintains that although their “democracy is not perfect,” there is an adherence to a constitutional “peaceful handover of power.” 

Mexico: Ferromex suspends 60 train routes “to avoid accidents or loss of life” of migrants
On 19 September, Mexico’s biggest rail operator, Ferromex, suspended 60 routes due to an “unprecedented” number of migrants hitching a ride on freight trains to go from Mexico’s south border to the north. According to the owner of Ferromex, as the wagons are filled with cargo, hundreds of migrants, including children, have no choice but to hang off the side, which has led to “half a dozen cases of injuries or death in recent days.” Aside from the loss of life, there is also the threat of gangs robbing or raping these migrants. This step was also taken in light of international organisations, including UNICEF, stating that the number of migrants has been increasing since 2021 due to “gang violence, poverty, and climate change.” 

Canada: “Sikh extremism” leads to worsening relations with India 
On 18 September, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated in the Canadian parliament that the country was investigating “credible allegations potentially linking” India with the murder of Hardeep Singh Nijjar on 18 June 2023. Nijjar, who was shot outside a temple in Vancouver, Canada, had openly campaigned in support of the Khalistan movement and has thus been described as a terrorist by India for allegedly leading a militant separatist group. Now a “priority investigation,” Trudeau said to lawmakers: “Any involvement of a foreign government in the killing of a Canadian citizen on Canadian soil is an unacceptable violation of our sovereignty.” In response, India’s ministry of external affairs has “completely rejected” Trudeau’s “absurd” claims, in turn blaming Canada for providing shelter to “Khalistani terrorists and extremists.” The ministry stated that since this group is a threat to India’s security, Canada should “take prompt and effective legal action against all anti-India elements operating from their soil.” Although Trudeau maintains that he is not trying to “provoke” India, as both countries have expelled a diplomat each, diplomatic ties are currently at an impasse. 

US: Joint military exercise in Armenia concluded
On 20 September, US soldiers completed their joint military exercise with Armenian forces, which began on 11 September in Armenia. These drills served the purpose of preparing Armenia for participating in international peacekeeping missions. The Armenian Ministry of Defence highlighted that it would “increase the level of interoperability of the unit participating in international peacekeeping missions within the framework of peacekeeping operations.” However, despite its small scale, it has elicited concerns from Russia, since Armenia had earlier refused Russian-led military drills by the Collective Security Treaty Organisation. 


About the authors
Rohini Reenum is a PhD Scholar at NIAS. Anu Maria Joseph, Femy Francis and Rishika Yadav are Research Assistants at NIAS. Padmashree Anandhan is a Research Associate at NIAS. Dhriti Mukherjee and Shamini Velayudham are Research Assistants at NIAS. Jerry Franklin is a Postgraduate Scholar at Madras Christian College, Chennai. Lakshmi Parimala H is a Postgraduate Scholar at Stella Maris College, Chennai. Abigail Miriam Fernandez is an independent scholar based in Bangalore. 

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IPRI Comments

Violence in Baghdad and Renewed fighting in Ethiopia

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 301
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Six months of War in Ukraine

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 300
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Breaking from the past in Kenyan elections, a year under the Taliban in Afghanistan, and merciless heatwaves in Europe

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 299
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Precarious ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh, fresh rounds of violence in Gaza, and the new US bill supporting climate change

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
August 2022 | IPRI # 298
IPRI Briefs

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

100 Days of People’s Protest in Sri Lanka: What’s Next?

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 297
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Zawahiri's killing, Pope's apology to the indigenous people in Canada, Iraq's political crisis, and Senegal's disputed elections

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 296
IPRI Briefs

Bibhu Prasad Routray

Myanmar Military: Annihilation as a Domination Strategy

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Conflict Weekly
July 2022 | IPRI # 295
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ukraine grain deal, the Monkeypox emergency, and the US wildfires

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
July 2022 | IPRI # 294
IPRI Comments

Amit Gupta

Killing Roe will hurt the US Soft Power

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Conflict Weekly
July 2022 | IPRI # 293
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Russia’s gas warning to Europe, and Sudan’s intra-tribal clashes

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Conflict Weekly
July 2022 | IPRI # 292
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

President Rajapaksa’s resignation and the economic crisis in Sri Lanka, and the military's withdrawal in Sudan

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Conflict Weekly
July 2022 | IPRI # 291
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Political Stalemate in Libya, and the Fall of Luhansk in Ukraine

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 290
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Attacks on Europe's pride marches, the Morocco-Spain migration, and the intensifying Russia-Ukraine war

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NIAS Africa Studies
June 2022 | IPRI # 289
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

DRC-Rwanda tensions: Latest developments and issues

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NIAS Africa Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 288
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Africa’s displacement crises: Three key drivers

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 287
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Heatwave in Europe, rise of the Left in Colombia and the UNHCR report on Forced Displacement

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Russia-Ukraine War
June 2022 | IPRI # 286
IPRI Comments

Sruthi Sadhasivam

Limiting Ukraine War to Ukraine: The US foreign policy strategy

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 285
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The new UK new bill on Brexit, Turkey's NATO concerns on Finland and Sweden and the SIPRI report on nuclear arsenal/weapons

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 284
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

North Korea's Missile Tests and Sanctions on Mali

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 283
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Denmark's referendum on EU defence and interstate tensions in Africa

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
May 2022 | IPRI # 282
IPRI Briefs

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

Sri Lanka’s Economic Crisis: Structural issues and impacts

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Conflict Weekly
May 2022 | IPRI # 281
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Another school shooting in the US, and EU-UK tussle over Northern Ireland protocol

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NIAS Africa Studies
May 2022 | IPRI # 280
IPRI Comments

Poulomi Mondal

Communal Tensions in Ethiopia: Five drivers

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Conflict Weekly
May 2022 | IPRI # 279
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Another racial attack in the US, Divide within the EU over the Russian oil ban, and violence in Israel

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
May 2022 | IPRI # 278
IPRI Comments

S Shaji

Sudan, three years after Omar al Bashir

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Conflict Weekly
May 2022 | IPRI # 277
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Intensifying political crisis in Sri Lanka, Communal tensions in Ethiopia, and 75 days of Ukraine war

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NIAS Africa Studies
May 2022 | IPRI # 276
IPRI Comments

Mohamad Aseel Ummer

Wagner Group: Russia's Proxies or Ghost Soldiers?

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NIAS Africa Studies
May 2022 | IPRI # 275
IPRI Comments

Anu Maria Joseph

Mali ends defence ties with France: What does this mean

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Conflict Weekly
May 2022 | IPRI # 274
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Mali-France tensions and anti-UK protests in the Virgin Islands

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Conflict Weekly
April 2022 | IPRI # 273
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

​​​​​​​UK-Rwanda asylum deal, Mexico's continuing femicides, and Afghanistan's sectarian violence 

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Conflict Weekly
April 2022 | IPRI # 272
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The battle for Donbas, Violence in Jerusalem, Riots in Sweden, Kyrgyzstan- Tajikistan border dialogue, and China’s military drills

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Conflict Weekly
April 2022 | IPRI # 271
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Violence in Nigeria, and Russia’s new military strategy in Ukraine

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Conflict Weekly
April 2022 | IPRI # 270
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Political Crises in Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Tunisia; Ceasefire in Yemen; and the Battle for Mariupol

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 269
IPRI Briefs

Sourina Bej

Ceasefire trails in Naga conflict: Space for peace parleys and violent politics

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 268
IPRI Briefs

Mohamad Aseel Ummer

Failing Peace in Darfur: Multiple Actors, No Outcome

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 267
IPRI Briefs

Jeshil Samuel J

The 2014 Gaza Ceasefire: A Stopgap to Peace dividend

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 266
IPRI Briefs

Dincy Adlakha

The 1999 Lome Peace Agreement: Issues and failed aspirations

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 265
IPRI Briefs

Anju C Joseph

Ceasefire in Moro Conflict: No lasting solution in sight

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 264
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

30 days of War in Ukraine

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 263
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Sri Lanka’s worsening economic crisis

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 262
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The end of Denmark’s Inuit experiment

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 261
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

International Women’s Day: Gap between policies and realities on gender equality

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 260
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Russia’s Ukraine Invasion: One Week Later

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Conflict Weekly
February 2022 | IPRI # 259
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Russia’s Ukraine salami slicing and Canada’s freedom convoy protests

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Conflict Weekly
February 2022 | IPRI # 258
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Unfreezing the Afghan assets, Tunisia’s judicial crisis and Libya’s new political deadlock

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Conflict Weekly
February 2022 | IPRI # 257
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Freedom convoy protests in Canada, and a de-escalation over Ukraine

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NIAS Africa Monitor
February 2022 | IPRI # 256
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Coup in Burkina Faso: Five things to know

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Conflict Weekly
February 2022 | IPRI # 255
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

One year of the coup in Myanmar, Taliban meetings in Oslo, and the Global hunger report

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Conflict Weekly
January 2022 | IPRI # 254
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Coup in Burkina Faso, Continuing violence in Yemen, and an ISIS attack in Syria

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Conflict Weekly
January 2022 | IPRI # 253
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Threat of War over Ukraine, a Syrian trial in Germany, and Protests in France

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Central Asia
January 2022 | IPRI # 252
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

The unrest in Kazakhstan: Look beyond the trigger

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Conflict Weekly
January 2022 | IPRI # 251
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Unrest and crackdown in Kazakhstan, Another jail term for Aung San Suu Kyi, Two years after Qasem Soleimani, and Canada's reconciliation with the indigenous people

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Conflict Weekly
January 2022 | IPRI # 250
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Conflicts in 2021 : Through Regional Prisms

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 249
IPRI Briefs

Dr Shreya Upadhyay

State of Peace and Conflict in North America in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 248
IPRI Briefs

Dr Aparaajita Pandey

State of Peace and Conflict in Latin America in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 247
IPRI Briefs

Dr Shaji S

State of Peace and Conflict in Africa in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 246
IPRI Briefs

Dr Stanly Johny

State of Peace and conflict in the Middle East in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 245
IPRI Briefs

Dr Athar Zafar

State of Peace and Conflict in Central Asia in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 244
IPRI Briefs

Dr Anshuman Behera

State of Peace and Conflict in South Asia in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 243
IPRI Briefs

Dr Bibhu Prasad Routray

State of Peace and Conflict in Southeast Asia in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 242
IPRI Briefs

Dr Sandip Kumar Mishra

State of Peace and Conflict in East Asia in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 241
IPRI Briefs

Dr Anand V

State of Peace and Conflict in China in 2021

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 240
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Top 15 Conflicts in 2021

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 239
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

New reports on the Omicron threat, and lifting sanctions on humanitarian aid to Afghanistan

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 238
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

West warns Russia over Ukrainian aggression and South Korea and North Korean agree on end-of-war declaration in principle

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NIAS Africa Monitor
December 2021 | IPRI # 237
IPRI Comments

Harshita Rathore

Famine in Ethiopia: The government's refusal to acknowledge, worsens the crisis

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 236
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly: 100th Issue

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 235
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Unrest in the Solomon Islands, and the 12 million missing children in China

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Conflict Weekly
November 2021 | IPRI # 234
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-lockdown protests in Europe, Farmers' protests in India, and Continuing instability in Sudan

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Conflict Weekly
November 2021 | IPRI # 223
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Europe's other migrant crisis, and Protests in Cuba and Thailand

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Conflict Weekly
November 2021 | IPRI # 222
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The migrant threat to Europe from Belarus and Ceasefire with the TTP in Pakistan

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Conflict Weekly
November 2021 | IPRI # 221
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

One year of Ethiopian conflict and UK-France fishing row

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Conflict Weekly
October 2021 | IPRI # 220
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Coup in Sudan, Pressure on Myanmar's military regime, and the Migrant game by Belarus

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October 2021 | IPRI # 219
IPRI Comments

Vandana Mishra

The Texas abortion law: Five reasons why it is draconian

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 218
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

No honour in honour killing

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Conflict Weekly
October 2021 | IPRI # 217
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

One year after Samuel Paty's killing, Kidnapping in Haiti, and Instability in Sudan

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Conflict Weekly
October 2021 | IPRI # 216
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

ISIS violence in Afghanistan, and Targeted killings in J&K

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 215
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Rising child abuse in Pakistan: Five reasons why

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 214
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Hazara Persecution in Pakistan: No end in sight

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 213
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

Talking to the Pakistani Taliban: What did Imran say? And what does it mean? Is the rest of Pakistan ready for the same?

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 212
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

Protests in Gwadar: Who and Why

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Conflict Weekly
October 2021 | IPRI # 211
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-Bolsonaro protests in Brazil, UK-France fishing row, Talks with the TTP in Pakistan, and the anti-abortion law protests in the US

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 210
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The Chinese White Paper on Xinjiang, and the Haitian migrant crisis in the US

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
September 2021 | IPRI # 209
IPRI Briefs

Apoorva Sudhakar

Africa’s Stolen Future:Child abductions, lost innocence, and a glaring reflection of State failure in Nigeria

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Afghanistan
September 2021 | IPRI # 208
IPRI Comments

Vineeth Daniel Vinoy

Who is who in the interim Taliban government? And, what would be the government structure?

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 207
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Pride marches in Europe, Jail term for Hotel Rwanda hero, and continuing Houthi-led violence in Yemen

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 206
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Protests in Europe and Brazil, and an impending humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan

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Latin America
September 2021 | IPRI # 205
IPRI Comments

Lokendra Sharma

Two months of Cuban protests: Is the ‘revolution’ ending?

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 204
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Texas' abortion ban, Return of the Thai protests, the Taliban government, and the Guinea coup

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 203
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The US exit from Afghanistan, the Houthi violence in Yemen, and Hurricane Ida in the US

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Conflict Weekly
August 2021 | IPRI # 202
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Chaotic evacuation in Kabul, Crimea Summit on seven years of Russian occupation, anti-lockdown protests in Australia, and continuing kidnappings in Africa

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Conflict Weekly
August 2021 | IPRI # 201
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Return of the Taliban and the fall of Afghanistan

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Conflict Weekly
August 2021 | IPRI # 200
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Protests return to Thailand, Taliban gains in Afghanistan, Pandemic action triggers protests in Europe, and new Climate Change report warns Code-Red

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Conflict Weekly
August 2021 | IPRI # 199
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Taliban offensive, New Zealand's apology over the Pacific communities, Peru's new problem, and an inter-State clash in India's Northeast

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Conflict Weekly
July 2021 | IPRI # 198
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

France's anti-extremism bill, Canada's burning churches, and Tunisia's new political crisis

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 197
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Impending famine in Tigray, should make Ethiopia everyone's problem

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 196
IPRI Comments

Anu Maria Joseph

Too late and too little is Ethiopia's international problem

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 195
IPRI Comments

Sankalp Gurjar

Africa's Ethiopia Problem

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 194
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia's Tigray problem is Tigray's Ethiopia problem

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Afghanistan
July 2021 | IPRI # 193
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Five reasons why Afghanistan is closer to a civil war

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 192
IPRI Comments

Anu Maria Joseph

Beyond the apology to Rwanda: In Africa, is France still a 'silent colonizer'?

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 191
IPRI Comments

Mohamad Aseel Ummer

Migration in Africa: Origin, Drivers and Destinations

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 190
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

15 of the 23 global hunger hotspots are in Africa:Three reasons why

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 189
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Libya: A new unity government and rekindled hope, a decade after the fall of Gaddafi

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Conflict Weekly
July 2021 | IPRI # 188
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Floods in Germany, Wildfires in Siberia and the Pegasus Spyware

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Conflict Weekly
July 2021 | IPRI # 184
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-government protests in Cuba, Pro-Zuma protests in South Africa, and remembering the Srebrenica massacre

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Conflict Weekly
July 2021 | IPRI # 183
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Taliban offensive in Afghanistan, Protests in Colombia, and the Heat Wave 

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 182
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ceasefire in Ethiopia, Berlin Conference on Libya and the World Drug Report

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 181
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The US Juneteenth, UN resolution on Myanmar and Global Peace Index

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Europe
June 2021 | IPRI # 180
IPRI Comments

Chetna Vinay Bhora

Spain, Morocco and the rise of rightwing politics in Europe over immigration

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Southeast Asia
June 2021 | IPRI # 179
IPRI Comments

Anju Joseph

Timor Leste: Instability continues, despite 19 years of independence

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 178
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Three new reports on Child labour, Ethiopia and Xinjiang, Tensions in Belfast, and the Suu Kyi trial

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 177
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The UN report on Taliban-al Qaeda links, Denmark on relocating refugee camps, Burkino Faso massacre, Arctic melt, and Afghan trilateral dialogue

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Israel-Palestine Conflict
June 2021 | IPRI # 176
IPRI Comments

Udbhav Krishna P

Revisiting the recent violence: Three takeaways

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Gender Peace and Conflict
June 2021 | IPRI # 175
IPRI Comments

Vibha Venugopal

The return of Taliban will be bad news for women

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Nepal
June 2021 | IPRI # 174
IPRI Comments

Sourina Bej

Fresh election-call mean unending cycle of instability

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 173
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Continuing protests in Colombia, another mass abduction in Nigeria, and a controversial election in Syria

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Conflict Weekly
May 2021 | IPRI # 172
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ceasefire in Israel, NLD ban in Myanmar and a new Belarus crisis

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Conflict Weekly
May 2021 | IPRI # 171
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Elusive ceasefire in Israel-Palestine conflict, a migration crisis in Spain, three weeks of protests in Colombia, and the rise of Ransomware reign

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The Maldives
May 2021 | IPRI # 170
IPRI Comments

N Manoharan

The bomb attack on Mohamed Nasheed. Is it political or jihadist?

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Conflict Weekly
May 2021 | IPRI # 169
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Escalating Israel-Palestine violence, an attack and a ceasefire in Afghanistan, and the fallouts of Scotland election for the UK

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Australia's indigenous communities
May 2021 | IPRI # 168
IPRI Comments

Avishka Ashok

The systemic oppression continues despite three decades of the Royal Commission report

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Africa
May 2021 | IPRI # 167
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

15 of the 23 global hunger hotspots are in Africa. Three reasons why

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Afghanistan 
May 2021 | IPRI # 166
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

The US decision to withdraw is a call made too early. Three reasons why

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Conflict Weekly
May 2021 | IPRI # 165
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Violent protests in Colombia, US troops withdrawal in Afghanistan, and the battle for Marib in Yemen

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Conflict Weekly
April 2021 | IPRI # 164
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Israel-Syria missile strikes, Clashes in Somalia and Afghan meetings in Pakistan

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Conflict Weekly
April 2021 | IPRI # 163
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

George Floyd murder trial, Fukushima water release controversy, anti-France protests in Pakistan, Report on the Rwandan genocide and another Loya Jirga in Afghanistan

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Conflict Weekly
April 2021 | IPRI # 162
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Riots in Northern Ireland, Sabotage on an Iranian nuclear facility, and a massacre in Ethiopia

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Conflict Weekly
April 2021 | IPRI # 161
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Global gender gap report, Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam talks failure, Maoist attack in India, Border tensions between Russia and Ukraine, and the Security forces take control of Palma in Mozambique

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Conflict Weekly
March 2021 | IPRI # 160
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Bloody Week in Myanmar, a Suicide attack in Indonesia and an Insurgency in Mozambique

read more
Conflict Weekly
March 2021 | IPRI # 159
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Sanctions on China, Saudi Arabia ceasefire in Yemen, the UNHRC resolution on Sri Lanka, and a massacre in Niger

read more
Conflict Weekly #62
March 2021 | IPRI # 158
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Gender Protests in Australia, Expanding Violence in Myanmar and Anti-protests bill in the UK

read more
Conflict Weekly # 61
March 2021 | IPRI # 157
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Women’s Day, Swiss Referendum, Myanmar Violence, George Floyd Trial and Lebanon Protests

read more
Conflict Weekly #60
March 2021 | IPRI # 156
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

From Myanmar and Hong Kong in Asia to Nigeria in Africa: Seven conflicts this week

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Conflict Weekly # 59
February 2021 | IPRI # 155
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Continuing Protests in Myanmar, ‘Comfort Women’ issue in South Korea and Abductions in Nigeria

read more
Ethiopia
February 2021 | IPRI # 154
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Five fallouts of the military offensive in Tigray

read more
Afghanistan
February 2021 | IPRI # 153
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

The recent surge in targeted killing vs the troops withdrawal

read more
Abortions, Legislations and Gender Protests
February 2021 | IPRI # 152
IPRI Comments

Avishka Ashok

In Argentina, an extraordinarily progressive law on abortion brings the Conservatives to protest

read more
Abortions, Legislations and Gender Protests
February 2021 | IPRI # 151
IPRI Comments

Harini Madhusudan

In Poland, the protests against the abortion law feed into anti-government sentiments

read more
Abortions, Legislations and Gender Protests
February 2021 | IPRI # 150
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

In Honduras, a move towards a permanent ban on abortion laws

read more
Abortions, Legislations and Gender Protests
February 2021 | IPRI # 149
IPRI Comments

Sukanya Bali

In Thailand, the new abortion law poses more questions

read more
Myanmar
February 2021 | IPRI # 148
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

Civilian protests vs military: Three factors will decide the outcome in Myanmar

read more
Conflict Weekly # 58
February 2021 | IPRI # 147
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-Separatism bill in France, Protests in Nepal against a gender-specific law, Surge in targetted killings in Afghanistan, and Instability continues in Ethiopia

read more
Conflict Weekly #57
February 2021 | IPRI # 146
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-Coup protests in Myanmar, a new US strategy on Yemen, and the US-Iran differences on nuclear roadmap

read more
India and Sri Lanka
February 2021 | IPRI # 145
IPRI Comments

N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee

Five ways India can detangle the fishermen issue with Sri Lanka

read more
Conflict Weekly #56
February 2021 | IPRI # 144
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Coup in Myanmar and Protests in Russia

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Conflict Weekly #55
January 2021 | IPRI # 143
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Farmers' protests in India, Vaccine Wars, another India-China border standoff, and Navalny's imprisonment

read more
Conflict Weekly # 54
January 2021 | IPRI # 142
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

New President in the US, new Chinese Village in Arunachal Pradesh, new Israeli settlement in West Bank, and another massacre in Sudan

read more
Conflict Weekly # 53
January 2021 | IPRI # 141
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Trump impeached by the US House, Hazara miners buried in Pakistan, Farm laws stayed in India, and the Crisis escalation in CAR

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Conflict Weekly # 52
January 2021 | IPRI # 140
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

GCC lifts Qatar blockade, Iran decides to enrich uranium, Argentina legalizes abortion, French soldiers targeted in Mali, and the AFSPA extended in India's Northeast

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 139
IPRI Comments

Lakshmi V Menon

The Middle East: The Abraham Accords may be the deal of the century, but comes with a heavy Palestinian cause  

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 138
IPRI Comments

Sourina Bej

France:  Needs to rethink  the state-religion relation in battling extremism

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 137
IPRI Comments

Teshu Singh

India and China: A tense border with compromise unlikely

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 136
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: The conflict in Tigray and the regional fallouts

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Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 135
IPRI Comments

Kamna Tiwary

Europe: From anti-government protests in Belarus to ‘United for Abortion’ in Poland 

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Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 134
IPRI Comments

Harini Madhusudan

Brexit: A year of the UK-EU transition talks and finally, a Deal 

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Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 133
IPRI Comments

Mallika Devi

Hong Kong: Slow Strangulation of Protests, Security Law and China's victory

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Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 132
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

Thailand: For the pro-democracy protests, it is a long march ahead 

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Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 131
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Nagorno-Karabakh: Rekindled fighting, Causalities and a Ceasefire

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Conflict Weekly
December 2020 | IPRI # 130
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Hot on the Conflict Trails: Top Ten Conflicts in 2020

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Conflict Weekly
December 2020 | IPRI # 129
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Boko Haram abductions in Nigeria, Violence in Afghanistan and Farmers' protest in India

read more
Gender Peace and Conflict
December 2020 | IPRI # 128
IPRI Comments

Pushpika Sapna Bara

From Poland to India: More attacks on abortion rights coincide with the emergence of right

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Conflict Weekly
December 2020 | IPRI # 127
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Farmers protest in India, Radicals target idols in Bangladesh, UK reaches out to the EU and Saudi Arabia to mend ties with Qatar

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Conflict Weekly
December 2020 | IPRI # 126
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

An assassination in Iran, Massacre in Nigeria and Suicide bombings in Afghanistan

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The Friday Backgrounder
November 2020 | IPRI # 125
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: Ensure the DDC elections are inclusive, free and fair

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Conflict Weekly
November 2020 | IPRI # 124
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Electoral violence in Africa, War crimes in Afghanistan, COVID's third global wave, and Protest escalation in Thailand

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Domestic turmoil and South Asia
November 2020 | IPRI # 123
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

Sri Lanka’s 20-Amendment is more than what was bargained for

read more
Conflict Weekly
November 2020 | IPRI # 122
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The US troops withdrawal, Violent protests in Thailand, Refugee crisis in Ethiopia, Anti-France protests in Pakistan and the Indo-Pak tensions along the LoC

read more
The Friday Backgrounder
November 2020 | IPRI # 121
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: The Gupkar Alliance decides to fight the DDC elections together. The ballot may be thicker than principle

read more
Conflict Weekly
November 2020 | IPRI # 120
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

A peace agreement in Nagorno-Karabakh and a brewing civil war in Ethiopia

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Conflict Weekly
November 2020 | IPRI # 119
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

IS terror in Vienna and Kabul, new controversy along Nepal-China border, and a boundary dispute in India’s Northeast

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J&K
October 2020 | IPRI # 118
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

The Friday Backgrounder: Union Government amends the land laws, and the Kashmiri Opposition protests. There is politics in both

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GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 117
IPRI Comments

Kabi Adhikari

In Nepal, rising gender violence shadows COVID-19 pandemic

read more
GLOBAL PROTESTS MOVEMENT
October 2020 | IPRI # 116
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Lebanon: One year of protests; it is more setbacks and little reforms

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GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 115
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

In Sri Lanka, pandemic has eclipsed women’s role in peacebuilding

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J&K
October 2020 | IPRI # 114
IPRI Comments

Akriti Sharma

The new demands within the State over the Official Language Act

read more
India's Northeast
October 2020 | IPRI # 113
IPRI Comments

Sourina Bej

The Naga Peace talks: Caught in its own rhetoric, NSCN(IM) will lose its stakes

read more
J&K
October 2020 | IPRI # 112
IPRI Comments

Akriti Sharma

The Gupkar Declaration: Vociferous Valley and an Indifferent Jammu

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The Friday Backgrounder
October 2020 | IPRI # 111
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

J&K: Flag, Constitution, Media Freedom and Local Elections

read more
Conflict Weekly
October 2020 | IPRI # 110
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Solidarity in France, Emergency withdrawn in Thailand, Terror tag removed in Sudan and Hunger in South Asia

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Conflict Weekly
October 2020 | IPRI # 109
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Protests against sexual violence in Bangladesh, One year after Xi-Modi summit, Assassination of a Deobandi scholar in Pakistan and continuing violence in Yemen

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Conflict Weekly
October 2020 | IPRI # 108
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

An Afghan woman nominated for the Nobel and a Dalit woman assaulted in India. External actors get involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

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GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 107
IPRI Comments

Fatemah Ghafori

In Afghanistan, women peacebuilders need more than a seat at the table

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GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 106
IPRI Comments

Tamanna Khosla

In India, home has been the most violent place for women

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GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 105
IPRI Comments

Pushpika Sapna Bara

In India, pandemic relegates women peacebuilders to the margins

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Conflict Weekly
October 2020 | IPRI # 104
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Six million COVID cases in India, Abdullah Abdullah's visit to Pakistan, China's naval exercises in four seas, and the new tensions in Nagorno Karabakh

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Conflict Weekly
September 2020 | IPRI # 103
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Al Qaeda module in India, Naga Peace talks and the Polio problem in Pakistan

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Conflict Weekly
September 2020 | IPRI # 102
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The Afghan summit in Doha, India-China Five Points agreement, Women protest in Pakistan, New amendment in Sri Lanka and the Bahrain-Israel rapprochement

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The Middle East
September 2020 | IPRI # 101
IPRI Comments

Samreen Wani

Lebanon: Can Macron's visit prevent the unravelling?

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Africa
September 2020 | IPRI # 100
IPRI Comments

Sankalp Gurjar

In Sudan, the government signs an agreement with the rebels. However, there are serious challenges

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Conflict Weekly
September 2020 | IPRI # 99
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Targeted Violence in Pakistan, Protests in Hong Kong and the Charlie Hebdo Trial in France

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The Friday Backgrounder
September 2020 | IPRI # 98
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

J&K: The PDP meeting, Muharram clashes and the Kashmiri parties vis-à-vis Pakistan

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Conflict Weekly
September 2020 | IPRI # 97
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti Racist Protests in the US and the Floods in Pakistan

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Discussion Report
August 2020 | IPRI # 96
IPRI Comments

Sukanya Bali and Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Sri Lanka: Election Analysis, Expectations from the Government, Challenges Ahead, & a road map for India

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The Friday Backgrounder
August 2020 | IPRI # 95
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: The Gupkar Resolution is a good beginning. So is the NIA charge sheet on the Pulwama Attack.

read more
Conflict Weekly
August 2020 | IPRI # 94
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Proposed amendment in Sri Lanka, Verdict on the gunman in New Zealand, Peace Conference in Myanmar and the Ceasefire troubles in Libya

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The Friday Backgrounder
August 2020 | IPRI # 93
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

J&K: Baby steps taken. Now, time to introduce a few big-ticket items

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Conflict Weekly
August 2020 | IPRI # 92
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Further trouble to the Naga Peace Talks, Taliban attack on woman negotiator, Protests in Thailand, Belarus and Bolivia, Israel-UAE Rapprochement, and the Oil Spill in Mauritius

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Friday Backgrounder
August 2020 | IPRI # 91
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: Integration and Assimilation are not synonymous.

read more
Conflict Weekly
August 2020 | IPRI # 90
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Release of Taliban prisoners in Afghanistan, Troubles in Naga Peace Talks in India’s Northeast, and a deadly week in Lebanon

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Friday Backgrounder
August 2020 | IPRI # 89
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: One year later, is it time to change gears?

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Discussion Report
August 2020 | IPRI # 88
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

Sri Lanka Elections 2020 - A Curtain Raiser: Issues, Actors, and Challenges

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Conflict Weekly
August 2020 | IPRI # 87
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

J&K a year after 5 August 2019, Militant ambush in Manipur, Environmental protests in Northeast India, and the return of street protests in Iraq

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Friday Backgrounder
July 2020 | IPRI # 86
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: Omar Abdullah complains, there is no space for mainstream leaders. Should there be one?

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Conflict Weekly 28
July 2020 | IPRI # 85
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Floods in Bihar, Nepal and Bangladesh, Abduction of a journalist in Pakistan, Neutralization of militants in Srinagar and the UNAMA report on Afghanistan

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
July 2020 | IPRI # 84
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

In Sri Lanka, 20 years later women still await the return of post war normalcy

read more
Friday Backgrounder
July 2020 | IPRI # 83
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

J&K: After the Hurriyat, is the PDP relevant in Kashmir politics today?

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Conflict Weekly 27
July 2020 | IPRI # 82
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Devastating floods in Assam, and a mob Lynching of cattle smugglers along India-Bangladesh border

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
July 2020 | IPRI # 81
IPRI Comments

Mehjabin Ferdous

In Bangladesh, laws need to catch up with reality

read more
Conflict Weekly 26
July 2020 | IPRI # 80
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Violence in India's Northeast, FGM ban in Sudan, the UN warning on Global Hunger & the Return of Global Protests

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Friday Backgrounder
July 2020 | IPRI # 79
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: Four years after Burhan Wani

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Conflict Weekly 25
July 2020 | IPRI # 78
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Conflict and COVID in J&K, Dispute over constructing a temple in Islamabad, Return of the Indian fishermen into the Sri Lankan Waters, and the water conflict over River Nile in Africa

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Friday Backgrounder
July 2020 | IPRI # 77
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

The Rise, Fall and Irrelevance of Geelani. And the Hurriyat

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Conflict Weekly 24
July 2020 | IPRI # 76
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Geelani's Exit and Continuing Violence in J&K, and the BLA attack on Pakistan stock exchange in Karachi

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June 2020 | IPRI # 75
IPRI Comments

Sudip Kumar Kundu

Cyclone Amphan: West Bengal, Odisha limp back to a distorted normalcy

read more
June 2020 | IPRI # 74
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

An olive branch to the PTM in Pakistan: Will the PTI heed to the Pashtun rights movement

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Conflict Weekly 23
June 2020 | IPRI # 73
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Baloch Disappearance issue returns, Nepal tightens Citizenship rules, and Egypt enters the conflict in Libya

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Conflict Weekly 22
June 2020 | IPRI # 72
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Violence escalates along the India-China border, Cartographic tensions over India-Nepal border, Gas explosion in Assam and Deadly attacks by the Boko Haram in Nigeria

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Conflict Weekly 21
June 2020 | IPRI # 71
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Echoes of Black Lives Matter, Violence in Kashmir Valley, Rohingyas in the deep blue sea, One year of Hong Kong protests, Conflict in Libya and the human-wildlife conflict in South Asia

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Conflict Weekly 20
June 2020 | IPRI # 70
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

A week of violence in the US, Afghanistan and Africa, Urban drivers of political violence, and anti-racism protests in Europe

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Conflict Weekly 19
May 2020 | IPRI # 69
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Cyclone Amphan in the Bay of Bengal, Ceasefire in Afghanistan, Indo-Nepal border dispute in Kalapani, Honour Killing in Pakistan, New protests  in Hong Kong & the Anti-lockdown protests in Europe

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Conflict Weekly 18
May 2020 | IPRI # 68
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Kalapani dispute in India-Nepal border, Migrants exodus in India, Continuing violence in Balochistan and KP

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Conflict Weekly 17
May 2020 | IPRI # 67
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The return of Hong Kong Protests, a new Ceasefire in Myanmar, China-Australia Tensions on COVID & Trade, and the Al Qaeda-Islamic State clashes in Africa

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Conflict Weekly 16
May 2020 | IPRI # 66
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The Binge-fighting in Kashmir Valley, SIGAR report on Afghanistan, Killing of a PTM leader in Pakistan, the US Religious Freedom watchlist, and Haftar's ceasefire call in Libya

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Conflict Weekly 15
April 2020 | IPRI # 65
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ceasefire and Self Rule in Yemen, Syrian war trial in Germany, SIPRI annual report on military spending, and Low civilian casualties in Afghanistan 

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One year after the Easter Attacks in Sri Lanka
April 2020 | IPRI # 64
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

Healing needs Forgiveness, Accountability, Responsibility and Justice

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One year after the Easter Attacks in Sri Lanka
April 2020 | IPRI # 63
IPRI Comments

La Toya Waha

Have the Islamists Won? 

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Conflict Weekly 14
April 2020 | IPRI # 62
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

A new wave of arrests in Hong Kong, One year after Easter Sunday attacks in Sri Lanka, ISIS violence in Mozambique, and the coming global Food Crisis

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 61
IPRI Comments

Alok Kumar Gupta

Jharkhand: Proactive Judiciary, Strong Civil Society Role, Rural Vigilantes

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 60
IPRI Comments

Alok Kumar Gupta

Bihar as Late Entrant: No Prompt Action, Punitive Measures, Migrant Crisis 

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 59
IPRI Comments

Anshuman Behera

Odisha’s Three Principles: Prepare for the Worst, Prepare Early, Prevent Loss of Lives

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 58
IPRI Comments

Niharika Sharma

New Delhi as Hotspot: Border Sealing, Curbing Fake News, Proactive leadership

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 57
IPRI Comments

Vaishali Handique

Northeast India: Civil Society in Unison, Media against Racism, Government’s Timely Preparedness 

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 56
IPRI Comments

Shyam Hari P

Kerala: Past Lessons and War-Footing response by the administration

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 55
IPRI Comments

Shilajit Sengupta

West Bengal: Proactive Local Leadership, Early Lockdown and Decentralised Action

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 54
IPRI Comments

P Harini Sha

Tamil Nadu’s Three Pronged Approach: Delay Virus Spread, Community Preparedness, Welfare Schemes 

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 53
IPRI Comments

Hrudaya C Kamasani

Andhra Pradesh: Early course correction, Independent leadership and Targeted Mitigation  

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 52
IPRI Comments

Sanduni Atapattu

Preventing hatred and suspicion would be a bigger struggle

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 51
IPRI Comments

Chavindi Weerawansha

A majority in the minority community suffers, for the action of a few

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 50
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

The Cardinal sermons for peace, with a message to forgive

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 49
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

Who and Why of the Perpetrators

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 48
IPRI Comments

Natasha Fernando

In retrospect, where did we go wrong?

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 47
IPRI Comments

Ruwanthi Jayasekara

Build the power of Co-existence, Trust, Gender and Awareness

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 46
IPRI Comments

N Manoharan

New ethnic faultlines at macro and micro levels

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 45
IPRI Comments

Asanga Abeyagoonasekera

A year has gone, but the pain has not vanished

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
April 2020 | IPRI # 44
IPRI Comments

Kabi Adhikari

In Nepal, it is a struggle for the women out of the patriarchal shadows

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
April 2020 | IPRI # 43
IPRI Comments

Jenice Jean Goveas

In India, the glass is half full for the women

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
April 2020 | IPRI # 42
IPRI Comments

Fatemah Ghafori

In Afghanistan, there is no going back for the women

read more
Conflict Weekly 13
April 2020 | IPRI # 41
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Executing Mujib's killer in Bangladesh, Continuing conflicts in Myanmar, Questioning Government's sincerity in Naga Peace Deal, Releasing Taliban prisoners in Afghanistan, and a report on damming the Mekong river by China

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Conflict Weekly 12
April 2020 | IPRI # 40
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Globally, Coronavirus increases Domestic Violence, deflates Global Protests, threatens Indigenous Communities and imperils the migrants. In South Asia, two reports question the Assam Foreign Tribunal and the Afghan Peace deal

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Afghanistan
April 2020 | IPRI # 39
IPRI Comments

Sukanya Bali

One month after the deal with the Taliban: Problems Four, Progress None

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Conflict Weekly 11
April 2020 | IPRI # 38
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Releasing a former soldier convicted of a war crime in Sri Lanka, Deepening of internal conflicts in Myanmar and the Taliban’s Deal is a smokescreen in Afghanistan

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Report Review
March 2020 | IPRI # 37
IPRI Comments

Lakshmi V Menon

Pakistan: Decline in Terrorism

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Conflict Weekly 10
March 2020 | IPRI # 36
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

More violence in Afghanistan, Naxal ambush in India, Federal-Provincial differences in Pakistan's Corona fight, and a new report on the impact of CoronaVirus on Conflicts

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Conflict Weekly 09
March 2020 | IPRI # 35
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The CoronaVirus: South Asia copes, China stabilises, Europe bleeds and the US wakes up finally

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Conflict Weekly 08
March 2020 | IPRI # 34
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Triumphant Women's march across Pakistan, Anti-CAA Protests in Dhaka,  Two Presidents in Afghanistan, and Turkey-Russia Ceasefire in Syria

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Conflict Weekly 07
March 2020 | IPRI # 33
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Aurat March in Pakistan, US-Taliban Deal in Doha, Anti-CAA protest in Meghalaya, Sri Lanka’s withdrawal from the UNCHCR Resolution, and the problems of ceasefire in Syria and Libya 

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Conflict Weekly 06
February 2020 | IPRI # 32
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Seven Days of Peace in Afghanistan, Violence in Delhi, Setback to Peace Talks on Libya and the Ceasefire in Gaza

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Conflict Weekly 05
February 2020 | IPRI # 31
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Afghan Election Results, US-Taliban Deal, Hafiz Saeed Conviction, Quetta Suicide Attack, Assam Accord, Mexico Femicide and the Climate Change impact on Bird Species

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Conflict Weekly 04
February 2020 | IPRI # 30
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Sri Lanka drops Tamil anthem, Assam looks for a new census for the indigenous Muslim population, Bangladesh faces a Rohingya boat tragedy and Israel witnesses resurgence of violence post-Trump deal

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Conflict Weekly 03
February 2020 | IPRI # 29
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Continuing Violence in Afghanistan, Bodo Peace Accord in Northeast India, Attack on the anti-CAA protesters in Delhi, and Trump's Middle East Peace Plan

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Conflict Weekly 02
January 2020 | IPRI # 28
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Bangladesh and ICJ's Rohingya Verdict, Taliban and Afghan Peace, Surrenders in India's Northeast, New government in Lebanon and the Berlin summit on Libya

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Conflict Weekly 01
January 2020 | IPRI # 27
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Nile River Agreement, Tehran Protests, Syrians meet in Berlin, Honduran Caravans in Mexico, Taliban's ceasefire offer, Quetta Suicide attack, Supreme court verdict on J&K and the Brus Agreement in Tripura

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Myanmar
October 2019 | IPRI # 26
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

Will prosecuting Suu Kyi resolve the Rohingya problem?

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Climate Change
October 2019 | IPRI # 25
IPRI Comments

Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh

Four Actors, No Action

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From Okjökull to OK:
September 2019 | IPRI # 24
IPRI Comments

Rashmi Ramesh

Death of a Glacier in Iceland

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The Hong Kong Protests:
August 2019 | IPRI # 23
IPRI Comments

Harini Madhusudan

Re-defining mass mobilization

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The Hong Kong Protest:
August 2019 | IPRI # 22
IPRI Comments

Parikshith Pradeep

Who Wants What?

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Africa
December 2020 | IPRI # 6
IPRI Briefs

Apoorva Sudhakar

Ballots and Bloodshed: Trends of electoral violence in Africa

read more
Myanmar
March 2019 | IPRI # 5
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

The Other Conflict in Rakhine State

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West Asia
February 2019 | IPRI # 4
IPRI Comments

Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer

Yemen: Will Sa'nna fall?

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China and Islam
February 2019 | IPRI # 3
IPRI Comments

Harini Madhusudhan

Sinicizing the Minorities

read more
Terrorism
January 2019 | IPRI # 2
IPRI Comments

Sourina Bej

Maghreb: What makes al Shahab Resilient?

read more
India's Northeast
July 2019 | IPRI # 1
IPRI Briefs

Titsala Sangtam

Counting Citizens: Manipur charts its own NRC

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