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Conflict Weekly #217, 1 March 2024, Vol.5, No.9
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IPRI # 430, 1 March 2024

Conflict Weekly
Sweden in NATO, Farmers' Protest in Poland, and the anti-LGBTQ bill in Ghana

  IPRI Team

Padmashree Anandhan, Manoranjan Kumar and Anu Maria Joseph


NATO 32: Leaving neutrality, Sweden to join after Hungary's approval
Padmashree Anandhan

In the news
On 26 February, Hungary's parliament voted (188 in favour and only six against) favouring Sweden to join NATO. Hungary is the last NATO member to approve Sweden becoming the 32nd member of NATO. During the press conference, Sweden's Prime Minister, Ulf Kristersson, said: "…Nato membership means that we are coming home to a large number of democracies working together for peace and freedom." NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said: "Sweden's membership will make us all stronger and safer."

Following the vote, Sweden and Hungary signed a military agreement to sell Sweden's four JAS 39 Gripen fighter jets. 

On 26 February, Hungary's Prime Minister Victor Orban blamed the EU and NATO allies for forcing his administration to vote for Sweden. The pressure increased after Turkey approved Sweden's accession on 23 January. Hungary's vote follows Kristersson's visit to Budapest on 20 February to forge cooperation. On approval, Orban said: "Being members of NATO means that we are prepared to die for each other. It is based on mutual respect."

Issues at large
First, the Hungary roadblock and the shift. Orban's tagging with Turkey in blocking Finland and Sweden's entry into NATO was mainly due to his close relations with Turkey and Russia. Budapest's major criticisms against Sweden were over the latter's accusations against Hungary of democratic backsliding and lack of mutual relations. To overturn Orban's objections, a military agreement was needed to win the opposition vote;  the fighter jet agreement with Sweden has made it possible, which also means a long-standing military boost. Hungary is also at odds at the regional level, isolated by the EU and NATO due to blocking EU's decisions against Russia and on Ukraine aid. It does not hold well amongst far-right leaders from France and Italy, as there is no interest in holding formal ties with Hungary. With no investment inflow from Russia, China and Central Asia, Hungary is left with no regional influence, leading to a block in the decision to get few favours. The shift in Hungary's decision to vote in favour of Sweden was possible for many reasons. Change in the government to right-leaning has withdrawn Sweden's criticism of Hungary for democratic backsliding and disregarding minority rights. Hungary's air force's demand for Sweden's Gripen fighter jets and condition to release EU-blocked funds being fulfilled by Sweden and the EU helped ease the decision. 

Second, beyond Hungary's opposition. It was not only Hungary that had opposed Sweden's NATO entry. Earlier, Turkey also had issues in getting Sweden on board. Turkey held its decision against Sweden for close to two years under a negotiation to lift the arms embargo and mainly to act against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The group is considered a terrorist by Turkey after a coup attempt in 2016. Another key condition linked to the decision is unblocking the US supply of F-16 fighter jets to Turkey. 

Third, the divide within the NATO on Russia. Turkey's opposition and Hungary's delay in voting on Sweden's membership highlights the crack within the NATO alliance. It shows how a few NATO members do not see Russia as the primary security threat. Meanwhile, Finland and Sweden's domestic issues have been macroscopical, and several members view it as an opportunity to negotiate their domestic and military concessions rather than perceiving Russia's invasion as a prime threat.

Fourth, Russia's NATO expansion conundrum. Sweden and Finland joining NATO creates a direct threat to Russia at the land and sea borders. Given the neutral stance of the two Nordic countries until now and the years of relations with Russia, the leaders have indicated the membership only as a deterrence. Meanwhile, Russia has clearly expressed its intention not to launch a strike into Finland unless there is an attack. It has showcased its interest to be limited to Ukraine.  

In perspective
First, NATO's new ring of defence. The renewed borders of NATO and the Nordic countries' high-end technology and advanced military systems will be a boon to NATO's draining stockpile. Finland's border with Russia would act as a new defence zone for early alerts and detection to defend western and northern Europe.

Second, the challenge to two principal NATO adversaries – the US and Russia. Former US President Donald Trump's criticism of European members' support of NATO and the republican stand against sending aid to Ukraine underline a negative position within the US on Europe's threat perceptions. The US would have to re-think its approach towards NATO, considering the military advancement and geopolitical access that the Nordic brings. Regardless of the leadership, the US' access to the Baltic and Arctic would be an advantage to counter future geopolitical challenges.

For Russia, its key agenda to keep NATO away stands defeated. Finland and Sweden's membership has brought NATO closer. One of the primary objectives of Russia in Ukraine was to keep NATO away. Following the membership of the former neutral Nordic countries, Russia faces a geopolitical quest to balance or showcase its symbolic power against NATO.


Poland: The Farmers' protest on Ukraine grain and EU regulations
Manoranjan Kumar

In the news
On 28 February, Reuters reported that thousands of Polish farmers flooded the streets of Warsaw, displaying the national flag and sounding handheld horns, intensifying their protest against Ukrainian food imports and EU environmental regulations. They demand the government to withdraw from the EU's Green Deal and halt imports of agricultural products.

On the same day, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk stated that he could not rule out widening a national ban on Ukrainian grains to other products if the EU does not act to protect the bloc's markets. He stated: "We want to help Ukraine, but it cannot be done through actions that are lethal to whole areas of the economy."

On 26 February, Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister Oleksandr Kubrakov stated that Kyiv sent a note to Warsaw demanding the Polish authorities find and punish the guilty. The statement came after, on 21 February, protestors blocked the border and opened railway carriages, letting 160 tonnes of grains spill out.

On 22 February, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen stated: "The commission remains committed to delivering solutions to ease the pressure currently felt by our hard-working farming women and men. We are easing the administrative burden on our farmers to help them guarantee food security for European citizens. Simplification of our agriculture policies is a constant priority, at both EU and national level. With this range of actions, we are delivering on the pledge we made to our farmers to accelerate this discussion. I look forward to hearing the views of our Member States." 

Issues at large
First, the farmers' protests across the EU. Farmers across the EU, including Germany, France, Poland, Spain, Greece, and Portugal, face various challenges. Their major concerns are the following: falling selling prices; rising energy, fertilizer, and transportation costs; heavy regulations or red-tapism; debt, cheap imports, and climate change; and new EU green regulations based on the EU agricultural system. Several concerns are country-specific; however, the majority of them are continent-wide. They started protests across Europe last year and intensified by the first week of February. However, national governments have taken steps to meet farmers' demands, with Berlin abandoning its plan to cut diesel subsidies and Paris scrapping a diesel tax increment. 

Second, cheap imports from Ukraine. In June 2022, the EU waived taxes, quotas, and trade defence measures on Ukrainian food imports following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This step resulted in the Polish markets being flooded with imported grains and other food products from Ukraine, which created competition between local producers. The Polish farmers called it "unfair competition" as their income decreased by nearly ten per cent. The farmers are concerned about the future of the agricultural sector in Poland and their livelihood. The ongoing farmers' protest across Poland has pressurized the government. Meanwhile, the government banned the import of several products in 2023 and is finding new ways to protect the interests of farmers. 

Third, the EU's Green Deal. The farmers are against the EU Green Deal, which aims to make the EU's food and agriculture systems sustainable. The policies include reduced use of fertilizers and pesticides, focus on organic farming, and rewilding lands to increase biodiversity. These regulations increased farming costs, adversely affecting the farmers who needed to receive appropriate prices for their products. Farmers claim it is impossible to compete with importing countries outside the EU, including Ukraine, as they are not bound to follow the EU's Green Deal regulations. 

Fourth, extreme weather conditions. Climate change has severely affected European farmers. They are suffering from increasing heat, drought, and flooding. The production of the main crops, including olive, wheat, rice, and fruits, has reduced due to worsened weather conditions. The first month of 2024 has been recorded as the world's hottest January, which destroyed winter crops.

In perspective
With growing discontent among farmers across the EU, Brussels withdrew from several rules of the EU's Green Deal. It includes reducing the use of pesticides by 50 per cent by 2030, delaying the target to leave some lands to improve biodiversity, and scrapping a goal to cut farming emissions from its 2040 climate roadmap. The EU will conduct an online survey to learn about the farmers' concerns during the first week of March. The timely response from the EU regarding farmers' interests may slow the protests. It would firm their faith in Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). However, the commitment of the EU to stand with Ukraine would likely remain the same.    

As the Polish farmers have blocked nearly all borders with Ukraine, which disrupted the supply of Ukrainian grain to the EU countries, the Ukrainian government delegation visited the border to discuss the protests and a solution as the blockade hit both countries' trade and economy. Although Poland has supported Ukraine in the war and helped socially, economically and militarily, the farmers' protest has created a dilemma for the Polish government regarding its support to Ukraine. 


Ghana: The anti-LGBTQ bill threatens a liberal democracy in West Africa
Anu Maria Joseph

In the news
On 28 February, Ghana's parliament passed an anti-LGBTQ bill. The new bill imposes a three-year sentence for those who identify as LGBTQ, a five-year sentence for forming or funding LGBTQ groups and a ten-year sentence for anyone involved in LGBTQ campaigns aimed at children. The bill received majority support from lawmakers. It would come into effect once President Nana Akufo-Addo signs it.

Big18, a human rights coalition in Ghana, condemned the bill. A member of the coalition, Takyiwaa Manuh, stated: "You cannot criminalize a person's identity and that's what the bill is doing and it's absolutely wrong; We want to impress on the president not to assent to the bill, it totally violates the human rights of the LGBT community." 

The bill was sponsored by Christian, Muslim and traditional leaders (leaders of pre-colonial communities who continue to enjoy political power and influence on identity, language, customs and beliefs) with the support of several lawmakers. Opposition lawmaker Sam George, who supports the bill, stated: "There is nothing that deals with LGBTQ better than this bill that has been passed by parliament. We expect the president to walk his talk and be a man of his words."

In response, the United Nations human rights chief Volker Türk described the bill as "profoundly disturbing" and called the government not to sign it into law. He stated: "The bill broadens the scope of criminal sanctions against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, transexual and queer people – simply for being who they are – and threatens criminal penalties against perceived allies of LGBTQ+ people."

On 29 February, the US stated that it is "deeply troubled" by the anti-LGBTQ+ bill, which threatens constitutional freedoms. The US State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller stated: "The bill would also undermine Ghana's valuable public health, media and civic spaces, and economy." 

Issues at large
First, the growing shift in Ghana from a liberal democracy. After 2000, Ghana emerged as a leading example of liberal democracy in West Africa, where political instability and coups are familiar. However, since 2021, the country has taken several illiberal shifts, one of them being the anti-LGBTQ stance. In 2018, Human Rights Watch (HRW) reported that the queer community in the country "suffer widespread discrimination and abuse both in public and family settings." The anti-LGBTQ bill was drafted in 2021 against the opening of Ghana's first LGBTQ community centre, which sparked protests. 

Second, the role of the government, church and the society. All three actors play a significant role in the anti-LGBTQ bill. The ruling government and the opposition support the anti-LGBTQ stance without debates. They openly reject same-sex marriage, citing the cultural values of the country. Ghanaian President Nana Akufo-Addo recently stated that same-sex marriage will "never" be legalized during his term in office. Besides, the church has a significant say in Ghanaian society. The Christian Council of Ghana describes homosexuality as an "affront to human dignity" and "not a human right." The Christian Council of Ghana and the Ghana Pentecostal and Charismatic Council narrate being LGBTQ+ as "alien to the Ghanaian culture and family value system and, as such, the citizens of this nation cannot accept it." The government has gained popularity for its anti-LGBTQ stance as the majority of the population, which is highly religious, supports the anti-LGBTQ narrative.

Third, the LGBTQ debate in Africa. Ghana is not the only country that recently adopted an extreme LGBTQ stance. Uganda and Kenya, two other African democracies, have joined Ghana recently. In March 2023, Uganda passed its Anti-LGBTQ Act, imposing severe punishments, including the death penalty for identifying as LGBTQ. The Ugandan anti-LGBTQ act is regarded as one of the most brutal in the world.
Meanwhile, Kenyan lawmakers are campaigning for anti-LGBTQ laws. According to Amnesty International, nearly 30 African countries have currently banned same-sex relations. Additionally, homophobic attitudes, behaviours and rhetoric have surged in the continent in recent years.

In perspective
The bill comes ahead of Ghana's presidential elections scheduled this year. While the human rights of the LGBTQ+ community are being compromised, Akufo-Addo's government has gained widespread popularity ahead of the election. This marks an illiberal democratic shift in the country with popular support. If the bill becomes a law, it would imply a likely increase in violence against the queer community under a supposedly democratic leadership infiltrated by unjust religious and traditional rationale.

The bill adds to the latest wave of anti-LGBTQ+ narratives in Africa. It would likely encourage other African countries to adopt a similar stance. Additionally, regional organizations, including the AU and ECOWAS, have opted not to respond to the development, implying probable ignorance or support for the issue.


Conflict Weekly Special Alert
The War in Gaza: Week #21
Gananthula Uma Maheshwari, Rishita Verma, Nuha Aamina and Rosemary Kurian

War on the ground
On 29 February, health authorities in Gaza stated that Israeli troops opened fire on a large crowd of Palestinians who were trying to get aid from a convoy in Gaza City. The firing killed 104 Palestinians, wounded 280, and pushed the death toll of the war above 30,000.

On 29 February, the Wafa news agency reported that at least 25 people were killed in Israeli airstrikes overnight in the central Gazan camps of Nuseirat and Bureij.

On 28 February, Al Jazeera reported that Gaza's Ministry of Health stated that 96 people had died and 172 had been injured in the last 24 hours.

On 27 February, the Wafa news agency reported that three Palestinian males were shot and killed by the Israeli military during operations on the occupied West Bank's Tubas city and the adjacent al-Far'a camp. 

On 25 February, ten Palestinians were killed after the Israeli military opened fire on crowds of civilians who were waiting for food relief trucks to arrive in Gaza City, according to the Wafa news agency.

Regional responses
On 29 February, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia condemned Israeli attacks on Palestinian civilians in Northern Gaza.

On 28 February, the Jerusalem Post reported that Iran gave Lebanon's Hezbollah group the green signal to increase its attacks along the northern border of Israel. 

On 28 February, Arab News reported that the Parliament of Arabs based in Cairo condemned the construction of a watch tower and installing surveillance cameras on the western wall of Al-Aqsa Mosque.

On 27 February, in light of the Israeli government's limitations on aid entering the region by road, the Royal Jordanian Air Force conducted the largest airdrop operation off the coast of the Gaza Strip, delivering much-needed aid to millions of Palestinians.

On 27 February, Reuters reported that Lebanon's Hezbollah group stated that it would stop attacks against Israel once Hamas approved the new truce deal.

On 25 February, a floating hospital anchored in Al-Arish, Egypt, began operations to alleviate the suffering of the Palestinians. The hospital was provided by the UAE under its "Gallant Kind 3' initiative for humanitarian support.

On 25 February, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) proceedings on the legality of Israel's occupation of Palestine came to an end.

Global responses
On 29 February, Joe Biden, the US President, stated that the Israeli firing on people in food lines in Gaza would complicate the truce talks. He said they were checking "two competing versions of what happened," adding that he was still hopeful of a ceasefire, even if it is delayed beyond 4 March.

On 29 February, Sergei Lavrov, the Foreign Minister of Russia, called upon the representatives of Hamas and Fatah to unite the Palestinian civilians.

On 28 February, five explosive-laden drones launched in the Red Sea by the Houthi rebels were shot down by a US warplane and a coalition cruiser. The attack came after the Houthis announced "aggression" by the US and the UK on the western province of Hodeidah.

On 26 October, Joe Biden, the US President, expressed hope for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza by 4 March. After intensive talks in Qatar negotiating a six-week pause to hostilities to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza, the deal has gathered pace.

On 26 February, the US military's Central Command (CENTCOM) announced that it had struck three unmanned surface vessels and two anti-ship cruise missiles in the Houthi-controlled regions of Yemen.

On 26 February, the Greek government approved the country's participation in the EU naval mission, nicknamed Eunavfor Aspides, to protect merchant ships from attacks against the Houthis in the Red Sea.

On 26 February, Antonio Guterres, the UN General Secretary, stated that the UN Security Council's (UNSC) authority was "perhaps fatally undermined" by the deadlock in the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza, pointing at the division among permanent members.

On 25 February, an active member of the US Air Force, Aaron Bushnell, set himself on fire in front of the Israeli embassy in Washington, yelling "Free Palestine."


Issues in Peace and Conflict This Week:
Regional Roundups

Akriti Sharma, Vetriselvi Baskaran, Akhil Ajith, Rohini Reenum, Anu Maria Joseph, Femy Francis, Padmashree Anandhan, Dhriti Mukherjee, Shamini Velayutham, Narmatha S, Navinan GV and Gopi Keshav N

East and Southeast Asia
Taiwan: Chinese Coast Guard ships are no threat if not close to land forces, says Taiwanese Defence Minister
On 27 February, Taiwanese Minister of Defence Chiu Kuo-cheng stated that the military would not consider the presence of Chinese Coast Guard ships to be a threat as long as they were away from the Taiwanese land forces. Chiu's statement came after the recent dispatch of Chinese ships around the Taiwan-controlled defence outpost of Quemoy, also known as Kinmen. He highlighted the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to handle such cases and mentioned that the military would not directly intervene and increase its forces on the islands near mainland China. 

China: The US warns Pacific island countries against receiving Chinese security assistance
On 26 February, the US cautioned Pacific Island countries not to accept any security assistance from China amidst the reports of Chinese police presence in Kiribati. The US State Department spokesperson stated that the US won't tolerate "transnational repression efforts" to establish police stations around the world. Kiribati's acting police commissioner, Eeri Aritiera, noted that the Chinese officers worked with the local police for community policing and a crime database program. Kiribati is strategically located near Hawaii and has one of the world's largest Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), covering more than 3.5 million square kilometres of the Pacific. The US is concerned about China's plans to rebuild a World War Two-era US military airstrip on Kiribati's Kanton Island. To counter China, the US has pledged to upgrade the wharf on Kanton Island and open an embassy in Kiribati.

China: The Coast Guard conducts patrols near Taiwan's Kinmen Islands
On 25 February, the Chinese Coast Guard held law enforcement patrols near the Taiwanese islands. The development came after two Chinese fishermen were killed while being chased away by the Taiwanese Coast Guard for illegal trespassing on 14 February. The Chinese Coast Guard said they conducted measures to safeguard the fishermen's lives and property. 

China: The US and the West criticized for imposing sanctions on Chinese companies
On 23 February, China's UN representative Zhang Jun opposed the sanctions imposed on Chinese companies by the US and the West. He described the sanctions as "indiscriminate", adding that the situation plaguing NATO and Europe is due to the former's expansionary behaviour. Zhang iterated that China wants to play a constructive role in settling the issue. He stated: "We encourage NATO to do some soul-searching, come out of the cage of Cold War mentality, and refrain from acting as an agent of trouble instigating bloc confrontation." Zhang added that China has no role in the Ukraine war and that it is not a party to the crisis. The statements came after NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg claimed that China is closely watching the conflict and is planning to draw parallels with Taiwan.

The Philippines: China accused of blocking logistical supplies to the Scarborough Shoal
On 25 February, the Philippines accused the Chinese Coast Guard of attempting to block the BRP Datu Sanday, a government vessel transporting supplies to the disputed Scarborough Shoal. The vessel was blocked by a Chinese Coast Guard ship and three other Chinese vessels. Three of the four vessels conducted dangerous manoeuvres near the boat by shadowing and jamming vessel transponder activities. The previous week, another Philippine vessel, BRP Datu Tambloty, faced similar challenges while delivering supplies to the shoal. 

South Korea: The doctors' protest 
On 27 February, South Korean Minister of Health Cho Kyoo-hong announced a program to legally protect nurses from conducting medical procedures that are to be performed by doctors. The nurses complained about workloads and legal risks amidst the doctors' protest against the government's plan to boost medical school admissions by 2,000 students per year. The protests have led to the absence of two-thirds of the doctors, leading to service disruptions at several hospitals. Cho warned 9,000 protesting doctors to return to work by 29 February to avoid license suspension, possible prosecution and arrest. The doctors demand better pay and working conditions before increasing admission to medical schools. 

South Korea: Joint military drills with the US
On 27 February, Reuters reported that South Korea and the US would conduct the annual joint military drills from 4 March to 14. The Freedom Shield Exercise would be the first after North Korea ended the 2018 inter-Korean military pact in November 2023. South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff spokesperson Colonel Lee Sung-jun stated that the drills would be based on the recent tensions and include air assault and air strikes with twice the number of troops compared to 2023. Lee added that the exercise aims to neutralize North Korea's nuclear threats. 

South Asia
Pakistan: PTI to launch protests against "massive poll theft"
On 28 February, Dawn reported that the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) called for protests against the election rigging, urging all democratic forces to join hands to "strengthen democracy" in the country. PTI member Afzal Khan Marwat stated that if Pakistan does not speak up against the "mega polls theft," democracy will never flourish in the country. Meanwhile, another PTI member, Ali Mohammad Khan, alleged that people's rights "were breached through large-scale rigging" across Pakistan, particularly in the Balochistan province. PTI member Saler Khan Kakar alleged that in Balochistan, seats were sold to "contractors, smugglers and apolitical figures." He added that this was not a "personal fight" of PTI but a "matter of people's mandate" and an attempt to "save democracy in Pakistan." Mohammad Khan requested the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Qazi Faez Isa, to "launch a probe into the allegations of the Rawalpindi commissioner regarding the massive poll theft."

Pakistan: Six terrorists killed in intelligence operation
On 28 February, the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) stated that six terrorists were killed and one soldier was injured during an intelligence-based operation in the North Waziristan district. The ISPR claimed that "weapons, ammunition and explosives" were recovered from the terrorists who "remained actively involved in numerous terrorist activities including target killing as well as extortion and abduction of innocent civilians." 

Bangladesh: Reopening of schools after an ease in Myanmar border tensions
On 27 February, the Dhaka Tribune reported that five government primary schools and a madrasa near the border of Bandarban with Myanmar closed for a month due to security concerns, were reopened. The Bandarban Deputy Commissioner announced that teaching would resume in these schools. The closure of the schools was prompted by the unstable situation in the region, with continuous firing and mortar shelling by the Arakan Army and junta forces. However, as the situation improved and no further incidents of violence were reported since 6 February, the district administration decided to reopen the schools.

Bangladesh: Deteriorating air quality in Dhaka
On 27 February, the Dhaka Tribune reported that Dhaka has been ranked second among cities with the poorest atmospheric conditions. The Air Quality Index (AQI) registered a high score of 181, classifying the city's air as "unhealthy." The rating places Dhaka behind India's Mumbai, which holds the top rank with an AQI of 183, followed by Kolkata and Delhi occupying positions three and four with respective scores of 178 and 171. According to the AQI scale, if the value for particle pollution lies within the range of 101 to 150, it is deemed "unhealthy for sensitive groups." Meanwhile, values between 150 and 200 are categorized as "unhealthy" for everyone. The "very unhealthy" threshold falls between 201 and 300, and any readings above 301 are labelled as "hazardous." In Bangladesh, the AQI takes into account five primary pollutants: particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and ozone. 

India: Protesting farmers observe 'Quit WTO' day
On 26 February, hundreds of protesting farmers conducted tractor marches on state and national highways and staged demonstrations in Punjab and Haryana. On 26 February, the Samyukta Kisan Morcha (SKM) held the 'Quit WTO Day,' claiming that the central government is repressing Punjab's farmers to gain mileage for the upcoming elections. The SKM and Kisan Mazdoor Morcha called for removing the agricultural sector from the WTO agreement. Since 13 February, the Shambhu-Ambala and Khanauri-Jind regions at the Haryana-Punjab border have been occupied by protesting farmers barred from entering Haryana. 

India: People retaliate in Sandeshkhali against TMC leaders
On 25 February, a Trinamool Congress (TMC) leader faced the ire of a mob in Sandeshkhali village of the West Bengal state. He sought refuge in a villager's house after he was chased by a group of women who accused him of land grabs and torture. On 5 January, the leader's supporters attacked officials of the Enforcement Directorate. The Calcutta High Court placed a stay order on a Special Investigation Team concerning the case. Meanwhile, TMC's General Secretary defended the party, stating they were not protecting the accused. He added that the arrest was delayed due to the High Court's stay order on the investigations. Sandeshkhali has seen several TMC leaders being accused of land grabs and sexual harassment recently. The previous week, two other local TMC leaders were arrested on charges of sexual assault. 

India: Manipur High Court removes earlier direction to consider inclusion of Meiteis in Scheduled Tribe list
On 21 February, the Manipur High Court cancelled paragraph 17(iii), which had instructed the Manipur government to consider including Meiteis in the Scheduled Tribes (ST) directed on 27 March 2023. This has been a significant development in the ongoing ethnic clashes between the Meteis and the Kuki-zo communities in the Manipur state. The Kuki ethnic people filed the appeal, which is still pending before a bench headed by Chief Justice Siddharth Mridual. The court decided to delete the paragraph after the Meitei petitioners called for a change in the language. 

Central Asia and the Middle East 
Israel: Raid in Qalandiya refugee camp
On 29 February, the Israeli military raided the Qalandiya refugee camp in the West Bank. The military arrested two men allegedly connected to an attack on the Israeli settlement in Eli. On the same day, the Israeli military stated that due to the shortage of space in the prison, it released "administrative detainees" to make room for detainees of "higher threat level."

Palestine: IDF opens fire against aid seekers in Gaza
On 29 February, the Israel Defence Force (IDF) opened fire against the civilians. According to the Palestinian Ministry of Health, more than 100 people were killed in the attack. The Palestinian ambassador to the UK, Husam Zomlot, called the International Criminal Court (ICC) to take action against the attack. He stated: "This is Israel's barbarism and savagery. Every state that enables this or stays silent is complicit."

Meanwhile, Qatar's Ministry of Foreign Affairs called on the international community to protect Palestinians. The ministry stated: "Qatar condemns in the strongest terms the heinous massacre committed by the Israeli occupation, against defenseless civilians who were waiting for humanitarian aid to arrive in Gaza, resulting in the death and injury of dozens of people." The Foreign Ministry of Oman asserted that the attack on Palestinians was part of "systematic criminal acts by the occupation forces." The ministry stated that the incident was a clear breach of international law. It added: "It was nothing but a continuation of the policy of extermination pursued by the Israeli occupation forces." Separately, the armed wing of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), al-Quds Brigades, stated that it targeted an Israeli military bulldozer and attacked an infantry force in the city of Khan Younis. The confrontation resulted in four causalities. The group added that it fired mortar shells at Israeli troops in the Zeitoun neighbourhood of Gaza. 

Syria: Israel launches air strikes from Golan Heights
On 29 February, according to the Syrian Ministry of Defence, Israel launched air strikes from the Golan Heights targeting Damascus. The ministry stated: "Our air defences confronted the missiles of the attack and downed most of them." The ministry added that the raids caused infrastructural damage.

Lebanon: Hezbollah and Hamas target Israeli forces
On 28 February, the Hamas asserted that it fired a volley of rockets from southern Lebanon towards northern Israel. The Hamas' armed wing, the Ezzedine Al-Qassam Brigades, stated that it attacked two Israeli military sites with "two barrages of Grad rockets." The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) was alarmed about the recent fire exchanges and "an expansion and intensification of strikes." The UNIFIL stated: "Recent events have the potential to put at risk a political solution to this conflict." It added that the parties involved should "halt hostilities and leave space for a political and diplomatic solution." On the same day, Hezbollah targeted the Meron air control base in response to the Israeli strike in the city of Baalbek. 

Yemen: US conducts self-defence strikes against Houthi cruise missiles
On 29 February, the US military's Central Command (CENTCOM) stated that it carried out two self-defence strikes against six Houthi mobile anti-ship cruise missiles in Yemen, which were "prepared to launch towards the Red Sea." The US forces claimed that it shot down a Houthi unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over the southern Red Sea in self-defence. CENTCOM stated: "CENTCOM forces determined that the missiles and UAV presented an imminent threat to merchant vessels and the US Navy ships in the region."

Africa
Sudan: UN releases report on human rights violations by warring factions
On 23 February, the UN's Human Rights Office released the report, "Sudan: Horrific violations and abuses as fighting spreads." It reports the human rights atrocities committed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) during the past eight months. According to the report, thousands of people have been killed in ethnically motivated attacks in the Darfur region. It alleges that hundreds of women and children were raped and sexually assaulted, and both forces publicly beheaded several students. Besides, the report cited satellite images revealing the use of heavy explosives in densely populated areas.

Kenya: The US carries out joint military exercises
On 26 February, the US began its military exercise, Justified Accord, in Kenya. Nearly 20 countries took part in the 11-day exercise. The exercise aims to achieve countries' readiness for peacekeeping missions, crisis response, and humanitarian assistance. The US military stated: "Justified Accord, the largest exercise in East Africa, showcases the desire of the US and partner nations to increase readiness and interoperability for regional security and crisis response." 

West Africa: ECOWAS lift sanctions against Guinea and Niger
On 26 February, ECOWAS lifted sanctions imposed on Guinea, followed by Niger. ECOWAS stated: "The authority instructs the president of the commission to invite all four Ecowas member states in transition to technical and consultative meetings of Ecowas as well as to all security-related meetings." The bloc imposed sanctions on Niger, Guinea, Mali and Burkina Faso following the coups. The bloc's President Omar Alieu Touray stated that the decision is purely on a "humanitarian basis." In January, Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso left the bloc forming the Alliance of Sahel States. Nigerian President Bola Tinubu urged three countries to reconsider their withdrawal decision.

Burkina Faso: Attacks on mosque and church
On 26 February, BBC reported that gunmen attacked a mosque in the town of Natiaboani on 25 February. The same day, the northern village of Essakane witnessed another attack on a Catholic church. At least 12 people were killed during the attack. No group has claimed responsibility for the attack. According to a report by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, the number of people killed by armed groups has nearly tripled compared to the previous 18 months. Attacks on religious buildings have increased recently. Meanwhile, Al Qaeda in the Sahel region asserted that it only captured army barracks in Natiaboani and denied the attack on the mosque. Insurgents currently control a large area of the country. 

Chad: Attack in the capital 
On 28 February, the BBC reported on the attacks in Chad's capital, N'Djamena, and the National Security Agency's (ANSE) headquarters. Gunfire killed many people and injured several others. The government blamed the opposition Socialist Party Without Borders (PSF) for the attack. However, its leader, Yaya Dillo, denied the allegations. The attack came after the government announced the presidential election on 6 May. The upcoming election will end the transitional government under military leader Mahamt Deby. 

Nigeria: Mass demonstration against government as inflation hikes
On 27 February, the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), a trade union, began its two-day protests against the government to "end hunger and insecurity" across the country. The primary demands of the protesters are to "open all food storage silos and ensure equitable distribution across the country," and abandon the World Bank and International Monetary Fund policies. Meanwhile, Nigeria's Central Bank has raised interest rates to curb inflation. Inflation has reached nearly 30 per cent and millions are struggling for basic needs and food. 

Europe
Ukraine: Russian Defence Ministry claims to capture Lastochkyne village near Avdiivka
On 27 February, the Ukrainian Armed Forces confirmed that it withdrew from the villages of Sievierne and Stepove near the town Avdiivka, which Russia captured. Russian President Vladimir Putin regarded the capture as an "absolute success." The Ukrainian withdrawal was observed as a proactive step to form defence over the Orlivka-Tonenke-Berdychi axis and deter Russia from advancing in the west direction. Ukraine's loss of Avdiivka came amid a shortage of artillery rounds and supplies due to an aid package from the US being held up in Congress by the Republicans.

France: Macon's statement on the possibility of stationing troops in Ukraine triggers rejection among European leaders
On 27 February, during a conference of 20 European leaders held in Paris to gather aid for Ukraine and send a message of resolve to Russian President Vladimir Putin, French President Emmanuel Macron stated that there was "no consensus at this stage ... to send troops on the ground." Macron asserted that they would "do whatever it takes to ensure that Russia cannot win this war." German Chancellor Olaf Scholz rejected the notion of deploying troops in Ukraine. Slovakia's Prime Minister, Robert Fico, emphasized the disunited stance among the European leaders. Leaders from Sweden, Spain, Poland and the Czech Republic expressed their differences. In response to Macron's statement, the Press Secretary of the President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Peskov, called for talks to avoid direct conflict rather than discussing the possibilities. 

France: Farmers protest for increased commitment from the government
On 23 February, Rural Coordination, a farmer's union in western Paris, protested by driving tractors into a neighbourhood carrying the union's flags. The protests came after the government offered over USD 433 million to farmers, prompting them to lift roadblocks across the country. The farmer's protests in France are against the EU's agricultural policies (EU Green Deal), bureaucracy, and business conditions. Outside western France, other protestors have demanded a commitment from the government to bring the pledged measures into practice. 

The Americas
Haiti: Caribbean leaders underscore the need for urgent action to restore peace in Haiti
On 28 February, while a four-day regional summit in Guyana ended, members of the Caricom regional trade bloc stated that Haitian Prime Minister Ariel Henry agreed to hold general elections by mid-2025. Haiti has no elected officials in power. Besides, due to spiralling gang violence, the international community has been calling for a foreign armed force to tackle the unrest. The bloc stated: "Caricom heads underlined the critical and immediate need for a clear political path forward which should be participatory and inclusive." On the same day, the UN humanitarian coordinator, Ulrika Richardson, lamented the "inhuman" violence in Port-au-Prince, noting the 50 per cent increase in sexual violence from 2022 to 2023. The UN launched a humanitarian appeal, seeking USD 674 million for this cause. On 26 February, the US government expressed its willingness to supply money, equipment, and logistical support to a multinational force to restore peace in the country. The US ambassador to the UN, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, attended the summit in Guyana and reiterated support for a UN-backed Kenyan police force to "restore peace and security." She asserted that the Haitians "need certainty."

Meanwhile, the Bahamian Prime Minister, Philip Davis, stated that "Haiti is haemorrhaging" due to a "truly terrible" security situation. The Brazilian President, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, commented that the world needs to "act quickly to alleviate the suffering" of the Haitians. Additionally, on 26 February, the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda, Gaston Browne, claimed that Henry had "committed to serve as an honest broker and to share power." Henry was supposed to hold elections on 7 February 2024 but remained in power, leading to violent protests demanding his resignation.

Ecuador: Assassination of Villavicencio was planned, claims prosecutors
On 27 February, Ecuadorian prosecutor Ana Hidalgo commented during a court hearing that the murder of Ecuadorian presidential candidate Fernando Villavicencio was planned from jail. Villavicencio, who denounced the influence of gangs, was shot days before the election in August 2023. Prosecutors claimed that seven hired gunmen attacked Villavicencio following an order from an Ecuadorian jail. Messages sent to one of the gunmen were traced to an inmate in Latacunga jail, who is suspected to be part of the Los Lobos criminal gang. 

Mexico: Two mayoral candidates shot dead 
On 26 February, two mayoral candidates were shot dead in the Mexican city of Maravatío. The incident came ahead of the 2 June national elections, which are expected to be the most violent due to the widening of drug cartels. The Mayor of Maravatío, Jaime Hinojosa Campa, stated that he was unaware of threats against the candidates and that "everything points toward" organized crime. One of the candidates, Armando Pérez Luna, was a member of the conservative National Action Party. The party's leader, Marko Cortés, stated that the murders illustrated an "extremely serious level of violence and lack of safety that prevails ahead of the most important elections in Mexican history." The other candidate, Miguel Ángel Zavala, belonged to the ruling Morena party. The party condemned the killing as a "cowardly and reprehensible act."

Brazil: Rally in favour of Bolsonaro amid coup investigation
On 25 February, tens of thousands gathered in support of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro amid an investigation into allegations of a coup attempt following his election loss in 2022. Bolsonaro disputed the coup claims as there were no "tanks in the streets, weapons, conspiracy." He asserted they could not "accept that an authority can eliminate whoever it may be from the political scene unless it is for a fair reason" while criticizing an election prohibition that banned him from running for office for eight years. Federal police in Brazil seized his passport after accusing him of editing a decree draft to change the electoral results in 2022. Bolsonaro claimed that he was being "persecuted" and that his draft decree was based on the constitution. 

The US: Multiple wildfires rage in Texas
On 28 February, wildfires that started on 26 February began spreading through the Panhandle region of Texas amid hot and dry weather. The Smokehouse Creek fire began on 26 February in the Panhandle region, spread to Oklahoma on 27 February, and Amarillo on 28 February. The Windy Dece fire spread across 1,42,000 acres of land, the Grape Vine Creek fire spread across 30,000 acres, the Magenta fire spread across 2,500 acres, and the 687 Reamer fire spread across 2,000 acres. The fires killed two people and grew to become the second-largest fire on record in the state. On 27 February, Texas Governor Greg Abbott issued a disaster declaration for 60 counties and instructed the Texas Division of Emergency Management to dispatch more than 95 firefighters. 

The US: Biden hopeful for a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas
On 26 February, US President Joe Biden remarked that by 4 March, a ceasefire is expected between Israel and Hamas after negotiations mediated by Egypt, Qatar, and the US gained traction. A six-week-long pause in the war has been proposed, which would allow the exchange of hostages and Palestinian prisoners between Hamas and Israel and aid to Gaza. For questions on when the truce would come into effect, Biden stated that as per his national security adviser, they were "close" but "not done yet." He added that on account of Ramadan, "there's been an agreement by the Israelis that they would not engage in activities" from 10 March to 9 April, during which "all the hostages" could be taken out.

The US: New Israeli settlements in West Bank "weakens" Israel's security, says Blinken
On 23 February, the US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, stated that the Israeli announcement to expand more than 3,300 Israeli settlements in the West Bank was "disappointing." He emphasized that Democratic and Republican administrations hold that the "new settlements are counterproductive to achieving enduring peace" and are "inconsistent with international law." However, Blinken maintained that the "settlement expansion" would weaken Israel's security. The majority of the international community holds that the settlements are illegal. 

The US: New sanctions on over 500 Russian-linked targets following Navalny's death
On 23 February, US President Joe Biden imposed sanctions on more than 500 Russia-linked targets and export restrictions on roughly 100 entities for providing support to Russia following the death of Russian opposition leader Alexey Navalny. The entities and sectors targeted include Russia's Mir payment system, financial institutions and military industrial base, future energy production, and officials suspected of involvement in Navalny's death. Biden stated that the measures, which are the largest single tranche of penalties since Russia invaded Ukraine, will "ensure Putin pays an even steeper price for his aggression abroad and repression at home." On the same day, the EU unveiled its 13th package of penalties against Russia, banning over 200 more entities and individuals accused of involvement in the two-year Ukraine war. 


About the authors
Manoranjan Kumar is a PhD Scholar at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi.

Akriti Sharma is a PhD Scholar at NIAS. Padmashree Anandhan and Anu Maria Joseph are Research Associates at NIAS. Femy Francis, Dhriti Mukherjee, Akhil Ajith and Shamini Velayutham are Research Assistants at NIAS.

Vetriselvi Baskaran, Narmatha S, Navinan GV and Gopi Keshav N are Postgraduate Scholars at the University of Madras. Gananthula Uma Maheshwari and Rishita Verma are Postgraduate Scholars at Pondicherry University. Nuha Aamina and Rosemary Kurian are Undergraduate Scholars from St Joseph's University, Bangalore.

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IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Special Edition: 150th Issue of Conflict Weekly

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Conflict Weekly
November 2022 | IPRI # 313
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Assassination attempt on Imran Khan and Russia’s withdrawal from Kherson

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Conflict Weekly
November 2022 | IPRI # 312
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Permanent ceasefire in Ethiopia and a report on the supply chain behind war crimes in Myanmar

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Conflict Weekly
October 2022 | IPRI # 311
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Protests and violence in Chad

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Conflict Weekly
October 2022 | IPRI # 310
IPRI Comments

Haiti's Gang Violence, Venezuelan Migrants and the US, and Global Hunger Index

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Conflict Weekly
October 2022 | IPRI # 309
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

UNHRC proceedings on Xinjiang and the Oxfam report on reducing inequality

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Conflict Weekly
October 2022 | IPRI # 308
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

North Korea's missile tests and Russia's annexation of four territories

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Conflict Weekly
September 2022 | IPRI # 307
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Protests in Iran

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Conflict Weekly
September 2022 | IPRI # 306
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Clashes between Armenia-Azerbaijan

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
September 2022 | IPRI # 305
IPRI Comments

Bibhu Prasad Routray

Another Peace Accord in India’s Northeast: A review of the new agreement between New Delhi, Assam government and Adivasi insurgent groups

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Conflict Weekly
September 2022 | IPRI # 304
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ukraine's counter-offensive, North Korea's legislation on preemptive nuclear strike, and a report on Modern Slavery

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Conflict Weekly
September 2022 | IPRI # 303
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The UN report on Xinjiang: Four Takeaways

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Conflict Weekly
September 2022 | IPRI # 302
IPRI Comments

Violence in Baghdad and Renewed fighting in Ethiopia

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 301
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Six months of War in Ukraine

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 300
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Breaking from the past in Kenyan elections, a year under the Taliban in Afghanistan, and merciless heatwaves in Europe

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 299
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Precarious ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh, fresh rounds of violence in Gaza, and the new US bill supporting climate change

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
August 2022 | IPRI # 298
IPRI Briefs

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

100 Days of People’s Protest in Sri Lanka: What’s Next?

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 297
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Zawahiri's killing, Pope's apology to the indigenous people in Canada, Iraq's political crisis, and Senegal's disputed elections

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Conflict Weekly
August 2022 | IPRI # 296
IPRI Briefs

Bibhu Prasad Routray

Myanmar Military: Annihilation as a Domination Strategy

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Conflict Weekly
July 2022 | IPRI # 295
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ukraine grain deal, the Monkeypox emergency, and the US wildfires

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
July 2022 | IPRI # 294
IPRI Comments

Amit Gupta

Killing Roe will hurt the US Soft Power

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Conflict Weekly
July 2022 | IPRI # 293
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Russia’s gas warning to Europe, and Sudan’s intra-tribal clashes

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Conflict Weekly
July 2022 | IPRI # 292
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

President Rajapaksa’s resignation and the economic crisis in Sri Lanka, and the military's withdrawal in Sudan

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Conflict Weekly
July 2022 | IPRI # 291
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Political Stalemate in Libya, and the Fall of Luhansk in Ukraine

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 290
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Attacks on Europe's pride marches, the Morocco-Spain migration, and the intensifying Russia-Ukraine war

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NIAS Africa Studies
June 2022 | IPRI # 289
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

DRC-Rwanda tensions: Latest developments and issues

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NIAS Africa Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 288
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Africa’s displacement crises: Three key drivers

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 287
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Heatwave in Europe, rise of the Left in Colombia and the UNHCR report on Forced Displacement

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Russia-Ukraine War
June 2022 | IPRI # 286
IPRI Comments

Sruthi Sadhasivam

Limiting Ukraine War to Ukraine: The US foreign policy strategy

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 285
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The new UK new bill on Brexit, Turkey's NATO concerns on Finland and Sweden and the SIPRI report on nuclear arsenal/weapons

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 284
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

North Korea's Missile Tests and Sanctions on Mali

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Conflict Weekly
June 2022 | IPRI # 283
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Denmark's referendum on EU defence and interstate tensions in Africa

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
May 2022 | IPRI # 282
IPRI Briefs

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

Sri Lanka’s Economic Crisis: Structural issues and impacts

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Conflict Weekly
May 2022 | IPRI # 281
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Another school shooting in the US, and EU-UK tussle over Northern Ireland protocol

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NIAS Africa Studies
May 2022 | IPRI # 280
IPRI Comments

Poulomi Mondal

Communal Tensions in Ethiopia: Five drivers

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Conflict Weekly
May 2022 | IPRI # 279
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Another racial attack in the US, Divide within the EU over the Russian oil ban, and violence in Israel

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Conflict Weekly Cover Story
May 2022 | IPRI # 278
IPRI Comments

S Shaji

Sudan, three years after Omar al Bashir

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Conflict Weekly
May 2022 | IPRI # 277
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Intensifying political crisis in Sri Lanka, Communal tensions in Ethiopia, and 75 days of Ukraine war

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NIAS Africa Studies
May 2022 | IPRI # 276
IPRI Comments

Mohamad Aseel Ummer

Wagner Group: Russia's Proxies or Ghost Soldiers?

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NIAS Africa Studies
May 2022 | IPRI # 275
IPRI Comments

Anu Maria Joseph

Mali ends defence ties with France: What does this mean

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Conflict Weekly
May 2022 | IPRI # 274
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Mali-France tensions and anti-UK protests in the Virgin Islands

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Conflict Weekly
April 2022 | IPRI # 273
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

​​​​​​​UK-Rwanda asylum deal, Mexico's continuing femicides, and Afghanistan's sectarian violence 

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Conflict Weekly
April 2022 | IPRI # 272
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The battle for Donbas, Violence in Jerusalem, Riots in Sweden, Kyrgyzstan- Tajikistan border dialogue, and China’s military drills

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Conflict Weekly
April 2022 | IPRI # 271
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Violence in Nigeria, and Russia’s new military strategy in Ukraine

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Conflict Weekly
April 2022 | IPRI # 270
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Political Crises in Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Tunisia; Ceasefire in Yemen; and the Battle for Mariupol

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 269
IPRI Briefs

Sourina Bej

Ceasefire trails in Naga conflict: Space for peace parleys and violent politics

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 268
IPRI Briefs

Mohamad Aseel Ummer

Failing Peace in Darfur: Multiple Actors, No Outcome

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 267
IPRI Briefs

Jeshil Samuel J

The 2014 Gaza Ceasefire: A Stopgap to Peace dividend

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 266
IPRI Briefs

Dincy Adlakha

The 1999 Lome Peace Agreement: Issues and failed aspirations

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
April 2022 | IPRI # 265
IPRI Briefs

Anju C Joseph

Ceasefire in Moro Conflict: No lasting solution in sight

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 264
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

30 days of War in Ukraine

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 263
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Sri Lanka’s worsening economic crisis

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 262
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The end of Denmark’s Inuit experiment

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 261
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

International Women’s Day: Gap between policies and realities on gender equality

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Conflict Weekly
March 2022 | IPRI # 260
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Russia’s Ukraine Invasion: One Week Later

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Conflict Weekly
February 2022 | IPRI # 259
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Russia’s Ukraine salami slicing and Canada’s freedom convoy protests

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Conflict Weekly
February 2022 | IPRI # 258
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Unfreezing the Afghan assets, Tunisia’s judicial crisis and Libya’s new political deadlock

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Conflict Weekly
February 2022 | IPRI # 257
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Freedom convoy protests in Canada, and a de-escalation over Ukraine

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NIAS Africa Monitor
February 2022 | IPRI # 256
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Coup in Burkina Faso: Five things to know

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Conflict Weekly
February 2022 | IPRI # 255
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

One year of the coup in Myanmar, Taliban meetings in Oslo, and the Global hunger report

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Conflict Weekly
January 2022 | IPRI # 254
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Coup in Burkina Faso, Continuing violence in Yemen, and an ISIS attack in Syria

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Conflict Weekly
January 2022 | IPRI # 253
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Threat of War over Ukraine, a Syrian trial in Germany, and Protests in France

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Central Asia
January 2022 | IPRI # 252
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

The unrest in Kazakhstan: Look beyond the trigger

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Conflict Weekly
January 2022 | IPRI # 251
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Unrest and crackdown in Kazakhstan, Another jail term for Aung San Suu Kyi, Two years after Qasem Soleimani, and Canada's reconciliation with the indigenous people

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Conflict Weekly
January 2022 | IPRI # 250
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Conflicts in 2021 : Through Regional Prisms

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 249
IPRI Briefs

Dr Shreya Upadhyay

State of Peace and Conflict in North America in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 248
IPRI Briefs

Dr Aparaajita Pandey

State of Peace and Conflict in Latin America in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 247
IPRI Briefs

Dr Shaji S

State of Peace and Conflict in Africa in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 246
IPRI Briefs

Dr Stanly Johny

State of Peace and conflict in the Middle East in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 245
IPRI Briefs

Dr Athar Zafar

State of Peace and Conflict in Central Asia in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 244
IPRI Briefs

Dr Anshuman Behera

State of Peace and Conflict in South Asia in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 243
IPRI Briefs

Dr Bibhu Prasad Routray

State of Peace and Conflict in Southeast Asia in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 242
IPRI Briefs

Dr Sandip Kumar Mishra

State of Peace and Conflict in East Asia in 2021

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NIAS-IPRI Workshop
January 2022 | IPRI # 241
IPRI Briefs

Dr Anand V

State of Peace and Conflict in China in 2021

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 240
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Top 15 Conflicts in 2021

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 239
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

New reports on the Omicron threat, and lifting sanctions on humanitarian aid to Afghanistan

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 238
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

West warns Russia over Ukrainian aggression and South Korea and North Korean agree on end-of-war declaration in principle

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NIAS Africa Monitor
December 2021 | IPRI # 237
IPRI Comments

Harshita Rathore

Famine in Ethiopia: The government's refusal to acknowledge, worsens the crisis

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 236
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly: 100th Issue

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Conflict Weekly
December 2021 | IPRI # 235
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Unrest in the Solomon Islands, and the 12 million missing children in China

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Conflict Weekly
November 2021 | IPRI # 234
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-lockdown protests in Europe, Farmers' protests in India, and Continuing instability in Sudan

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Conflict Weekly
November 2021 | IPRI # 223
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Europe's other migrant crisis, and Protests in Cuba and Thailand

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Conflict Weekly
November 2021 | IPRI # 222
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The migrant threat to Europe from Belarus and Ceasefire with the TTP in Pakistan

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Conflict Weekly
November 2021 | IPRI # 221
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

One year of Ethiopian conflict and UK-France fishing row

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Conflict Weekly
October 2021 | IPRI # 220
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Coup in Sudan, Pressure on Myanmar's military regime, and the Migrant game by Belarus

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October 2021 | IPRI # 219
IPRI Comments

Vandana Mishra

The Texas abortion law: Five reasons why it is draconian

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 218
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

No honour in honour killing

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Conflict Weekly
October 2021 | IPRI # 217
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

One year after Samuel Paty's killing, Kidnapping in Haiti, and Instability in Sudan

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Conflict Weekly
October 2021 | IPRI # 216
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

ISIS violence in Afghanistan, and Targeted killings in J&K

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 215
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Rising child abuse in Pakistan: Five reasons why

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 214
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Hazara Persecution in Pakistan: No end in sight

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 213
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

Talking to the Pakistani Taliban: What did Imran say? And what does it mean? Is the rest of Pakistan ready for the same?

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Pakistan Reader Comments
October 2021 | IPRI # 212
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

Protests in Gwadar: Who and Why

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Conflict Weekly
October 2021 | IPRI # 211
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-Bolsonaro protests in Brazil, UK-France fishing row, Talks with the TTP in Pakistan, and the anti-abortion law protests in the US

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 210
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The Chinese White Paper on Xinjiang, and the Haitian migrant crisis in the US

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NIAS-IPRI Brief
September 2021 | IPRI # 209
IPRI Briefs

Apoorva Sudhakar

Africa’s Stolen Future:Child abductions, lost innocence, and a glaring reflection of State failure in Nigeria

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Afghanistan
September 2021 | IPRI # 208
IPRI Comments

Vineeth Daniel Vinoy

Who is who in the interim Taliban government? And, what would be the government structure?

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 207
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Pride marches in Europe, Jail term for Hotel Rwanda hero, and continuing Houthi-led violence in Yemen

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 206
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Protests in Europe and Brazil, and an impending humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan

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Latin America
September 2021 | IPRI # 205
IPRI Comments

Lokendra Sharma

Two months of Cuban protests: Is the ‘revolution’ ending?

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 204
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Texas' abortion ban, Return of the Thai protests, the Taliban government, and the Guinea coup

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Conflict Weekly
September 2021 | IPRI # 203
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The US exit from Afghanistan, the Houthi violence in Yemen, and Hurricane Ida in the US

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Conflict Weekly
August 2021 | IPRI # 202
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Chaotic evacuation in Kabul, Crimea Summit on seven years of Russian occupation, anti-lockdown protests in Australia, and continuing kidnappings in Africa

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Conflict Weekly
August 2021 | IPRI # 201
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Return of the Taliban and the fall of Afghanistan

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Conflict Weekly
August 2021 | IPRI # 200
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Protests return to Thailand, Taliban gains in Afghanistan, Pandemic action triggers protests in Europe, and new Climate Change report warns Code-Red

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Conflict Weekly
August 2021 | IPRI # 199
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Taliban offensive, New Zealand's apology over the Pacific communities, Peru's new problem, and an inter-State clash in India's Northeast

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Conflict Weekly
July 2021 | IPRI # 198
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

France's anti-extremism bill, Canada's burning churches, and Tunisia's new political crisis

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 197
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Impending famine in Tigray, should make Ethiopia everyone's problem

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 196
IPRI Comments

Anu Maria Joseph

Too late and too little is Ethiopia's international problem

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 195
IPRI Comments

Sankalp Gurjar

Africa's Ethiopia Problem

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 194
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia's Tigray problem is Tigray's Ethiopia problem

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Afghanistan
July 2021 | IPRI # 193
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Five reasons why Afghanistan is closer to a civil war

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 192
IPRI Comments

Anu Maria Joseph

Beyond the apology to Rwanda: In Africa, is France still a 'silent colonizer'?

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 191
IPRI Comments

Mohamad Aseel Ummer

Migration in Africa: Origin, Drivers and Destinations

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 190
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

15 of the 23 global hunger hotspots are in Africa:Three reasons why

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NIAS Africa Monitor
July 2021 | IPRI # 189
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Libya: A new unity government and rekindled hope, a decade after the fall of Gaddafi

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Conflict Weekly
July 2021 | IPRI # 188
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Floods in Germany, Wildfires in Siberia and the Pegasus Spyware

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Conflict Weekly
July 2021 | IPRI # 184
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-government protests in Cuba, Pro-Zuma protests in South Africa, and remembering the Srebrenica massacre

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Conflict Weekly
July 2021 | IPRI # 183
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Taliban offensive in Afghanistan, Protests in Colombia, and the Heat Wave 

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 182
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ceasefire in Ethiopia, Berlin Conference on Libya and the World Drug Report

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 181
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The US Juneteenth, UN resolution on Myanmar and Global Peace Index

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Europe
June 2021 | IPRI # 180
IPRI Comments

Chetna Vinay Bhora

Spain, Morocco and the rise of rightwing politics in Europe over immigration

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Southeast Asia
June 2021 | IPRI # 179
IPRI Comments

Anju Joseph

Timor Leste: Instability continues, despite 19 years of independence

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 178
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Three new reports on Child labour, Ethiopia and Xinjiang, Tensions in Belfast, and the Suu Kyi trial

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 177
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The UN report on Taliban-al Qaeda links, Denmark on relocating refugee camps, Burkino Faso massacre, Arctic melt, and Afghan trilateral dialogue

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Israel-Palestine Conflict
June 2021 | IPRI # 176
IPRI Comments

Udbhav Krishna P

Revisiting the recent violence: Three takeaways

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Gender Peace and Conflict
June 2021 | IPRI # 175
IPRI Comments

Vibha Venugopal

The return of Taliban will be bad news for women

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Nepal
June 2021 | IPRI # 174
IPRI Comments

Sourina Bej

Fresh election-call mean unending cycle of instability

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Conflict Weekly
June 2021 | IPRI # 173
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Continuing protests in Colombia, another mass abduction in Nigeria, and a controversial election in Syria

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Conflict Weekly
May 2021 | IPRI # 172
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ceasefire in Israel, NLD ban in Myanmar and a new Belarus crisis

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Conflict Weekly
May 2021 | IPRI # 171
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Elusive ceasefire in Israel-Palestine conflict, a migration crisis in Spain, three weeks of protests in Colombia, and the rise of Ransomware reign

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The Maldives
May 2021 | IPRI # 170
IPRI Comments

N Manoharan

The bomb attack on Mohamed Nasheed. Is it political or jihadist?

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Conflict Weekly
May 2021 | IPRI # 169
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Escalating Israel-Palestine violence, an attack and a ceasefire in Afghanistan, and the fallouts of Scotland election for the UK

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Australia's indigenous communities
May 2021 | IPRI # 168
IPRI Comments

Avishka Ashok

The systemic oppression continues despite three decades of the Royal Commission report

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Africa
May 2021 | IPRI # 167
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

15 of the 23 global hunger hotspots are in Africa. Three reasons why

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Afghanistan 
May 2021 | IPRI # 166
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

The US decision to withdraw is a call made too early. Three reasons why

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Conflict Weekly
May 2021 | IPRI # 165
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Violent protests in Colombia, US troops withdrawal in Afghanistan, and the battle for Marib in Yemen

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Conflict Weekly
April 2021 | IPRI # 164
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Israel-Syria missile strikes, Clashes in Somalia and Afghan meetings in Pakistan

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Conflict Weekly
April 2021 | IPRI # 163
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

George Floyd murder trial, Fukushima water release controversy, anti-France protests in Pakistan, Report on the Rwandan genocide and another Loya Jirga in Afghanistan

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Conflict Weekly
April 2021 | IPRI # 162
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Riots in Northern Ireland, Sabotage on an Iranian nuclear facility, and a massacre in Ethiopia

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Conflict Weekly
April 2021 | IPRI # 161
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Global gender gap report, Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam talks failure, Maoist attack in India, Border tensions between Russia and Ukraine, and the Security forces take control of Palma in Mozambique

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Conflict Weekly
March 2021 | IPRI # 160
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Bloody Week in Myanmar, a Suicide attack in Indonesia and an Insurgency in Mozambique

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Conflict Weekly
March 2021 | IPRI # 159
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Sanctions on China, Saudi Arabia ceasefire in Yemen, the UNHRC resolution on Sri Lanka, and a massacre in Niger

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Conflict Weekly #62
March 2021 | IPRI # 158
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Gender Protests in Australia, Expanding Violence in Myanmar and Anti-protests bill in the UK

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Conflict Weekly # 61
March 2021 | IPRI # 157
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Women’s Day, Swiss Referendum, Myanmar Violence, George Floyd Trial and Lebanon Protests

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Conflict Weekly #60
March 2021 | IPRI # 156
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

From Myanmar and Hong Kong in Asia to Nigeria in Africa: Seven conflicts this week

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Conflict Weekly # 59
February 2021 | IPRI # 155
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Continuing Protests in Myanmar, ‘Comfort Women’ issue in South Korea and Abductions in Nigeria

read more
Ethiopia
February 2021 | IPRI # 154
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Five fallouts of the military offensive in Tigray

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Afghanistan
February 2021 | IPRI # 153
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

The recent surge in targeted killing vs the troops withdrawal

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Abortions, Legislations and Gender Protests
February 2021 | IPRI # 152
IPRI Comments

Avishka Ashok

In Argentina, an extraordinarily progressive law on abortion brings the Conservatives to protest

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Abortions, Legislations and Gender Protests
February 2021 | IPRI # 151
IPRI Comments

Harini Madhusudan

In Poland, the protests against the abortion law feed into anti-government sentiments

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Abortions, Legislations and Gender Protests
February 2021 | IPRI # 150
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

In Honduras, a move towards a permanent ban on abortion laws

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Abortions, Legislations and Gender Protests
February 2021 | IPRI # 149
IPRI Comments

Sukanya Bali

In Thailand, the new abortion law poses more questions

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Myanmar
February 2021 | IPRI # 148
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

Civilian protests vs military: Three factors will decide the outcome in Myanmar

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Conflict Weekly # 58
February 2021 | IPRI # 147
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-Separatism bill in France, Protests in Nepal against a gender-specific law, Surge in targetted killings in Afghanistan, and Instability continues in Ethiopia

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Conflict Weekly #57
February 2021 | IPRI # 146
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti-Coup protests in Myanmar, a new US strategy on Yemen, and the US-Iran differences on nuclear roadmap

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India and Sri Lanka
February 2021 | IPRI # 145
IPRI Comments

N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee

Five ways India can detangle the fishermen issue with Sri Lanka

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Conflict Weekly #56
February 2021 | IPRI # 144
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Coup in Myanmar and Protests in Russia

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Conflict Weekly #55
January 2021 | IPRI # 143
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Farmers' protests in India, Vaccine Wars, another India-China border standoff, and Navalny's imprisonment

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Conflict Weekly # 54
January 2021 | IPRI # 142
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

New President in the US, new Chinese Village in Arunachal Pradesh, new Israeli settlement in West Bank, and another massacre in Sudan

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Conflict Weekly # 53
January 2021 | IPRI # 141
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Trump impeached by the US House, Hazara miners buried in Pakistan, Farm laws stayed in India, and the Crisis escalation in CAR

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Conflict Weekly # 52
January 2021 | IPRI # 140
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

GCC lifts Qatar blockade, Iran decides to enrich uranium, Argentina legalizes abortion, French soldiers targeted in Mali, and the AFSPA extended in India's Northeast

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Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 139
IPRI Comments

Lakshmi V Menon

The Middle East: The Abraham Accords may be the deal of the century, but comes with a heavy Palestinian cause  

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Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 138
IPRI Comments

Sourina Bej

France:  Needs to rethink  the state-religion relation in battling extremism

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 137
IPRI Comments

Teshu Singh

India and China: A tense border with compromise unlikely

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 136
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: The conflict in Tigray and the regional fallouts

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 135
IPRI Comments

Kamna Tiwary

Europe: From anti-government protests in Belarus to ‘United for Abortion’ in Poland 

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 134
IPRI Comments

Harini Madhusudan

Brexit: A year of the UK-EU transition talks and finally, a Deal 

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 133
IPRI Comments

Mallika Devi

Hong Kong: Slow Strangulation of Protests, Security Law and China's victory

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 132
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

Thailand: For the pro-democracy protests, it is a long march ahead 

read more
Conflicts around the World in 2020
December 2020 | IPRI # 131
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Nagorno-Karabakh: Rekindled fighting, Causalities and a Ceasefire

read more
Conflict Weekly
December 2020 | IPRI # 130
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Hot on the Conflict Trails: Top Ten Conflicts in 2020

read more
Conflict Weekly
December 2020 | IPRI # 129
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Boko Haram abductions in Nigeria, Violence in Afghanistan and Farmers' protest in India

read more
Gender Peace and Conflict
December 2020 | IPRI # 128
IPRI Comments

Pushpika Sapna Bara

From Poland to India: More attacks on abortion rights coincide with the emergence of right

read more
Conflict Weekly
December 2020 | IPRI # 127
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Farmers protest in India, Radicals target idols in Bangladesh, UK reaches out to the EU and Saudi Arabia to mend ties with Qatar

read more
Conflict Weekly
December 2020 | IPRI # 126
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

An assassination in Iran, Massacre in Nigeria and Suicide bombings in Afghanistan

read more
The Friday Backgrounder
November 2020 | IPRI # 125
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: Ensure the DDC elections are inclusive, free and fair

read more
Conflict Weekly
November 2020 | IPRI # 124
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Electoral violence in Africa, War crimes in Afghanistan, COVID's third global wave, and Protest escalation in Thailand

read more
Domestic turmoil and South Asia
November 2020 | IPRI # 123
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

Sri Lanka’s 20-Amendment is more than what was bargained for

read more
Conflict Weekly
November 2020 | IPRI # 122
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The US troops withdrawal, Violent protests in Thailand, Refugee crisis in Ethiopia, Anti-France protests in Pakistan and the Indo-Pak tensions along the LoC

read more
The Friday Backgrounder
November 2020 | IPRI # 121
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: The Gupkar Alliance decides to fight the DDC elections together. The ballot may be thicker than principle

read more
Conflict Weekly
November 2020 | IPRI # 120
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

A peace agreement in Nagorno-Karabakh and a brewing civil war in Ethiopia

read more
Conflict Weekly
November 2020 | IPRI # 119
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

IS terror in Vienna and Kabul, new controversy along Nepal-China border, and a boundary dispute in India’s Northeast

read more
J&K
October 2020 | IPRI # 118
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

The Friday Backgrounder: Union Government amends the land laws, and the Kashmiri Opposition protests. There is politics in both

read more
GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 117
IPRI Comments

Kabi Adhikari

In Nepal, rising gender violence shadows COVID-19 pandemic

read more
GLOBAL PROTESTS MOVEMENT
October 2020 | IPRI # 116
IPRI Comments

Apoorva Sudhakar

Lebanon: One year of protests; it is more setbacks and little reforms

read more
GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 115
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

In Sri Lanka, pandemic has eclipsed women’s role in peacebuilding

read more
J&K
October 2020 | IPRI # 114
IPRI Comments

Akriti Sharma

The new demands within the State over the Official Language Act

read more
India's Northeast
October 2020 | IPRI # 113
IPRI Comments

Sourina Bej

The Naga Peace talks: Caught in its own rhetoric, NSCN(IM) will lose its stakes

read more
J&K
October 2020 | IPRI # 112
IPRI Comments

Akriti Sharma

The Gupkar Declaration: Vociferous Valley and an Indifferent Jammu

read more
The Friday Backgrounder
October 2020 | IPRI # 111
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

J&K: Flag, Constitution, Media Freedom and Local Elections

read more
Conflict Weekly
October 2020 | IPRI # 110
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Solidarity in France, Emergency withdrawn in Thailand, Terror tag removed in Sudan and Hunger in South Asia

read more
Conflict Weekly
October 2020 | IPRI # 109
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Protests against sexual violence in Bangladesh, One year after Xi-Modi summit, Assassination of a Deobandi scholar in Pakistan and continuing violence in Yemen

read more
Conflict Weekly
October 2020 | IPRI # 108
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

An Afghan woman nominated for the Nobel and a Dalit woman assaulted in India. External actors get involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

read more
GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 107
IPRI Comments

Fatemah Ghafori

In Afghanistan, women peacebuilders need more than a seat at the table

read more
GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 106
IPRI Comments

Tamanna Khosla

In India, home has been the most violent place for women

read more
GENDER AND PEACEBUILDING DURING A PANDEMIC
October 2020 | IPRI # 105
IPRI Comments

Pushpika Sapna Bara

In India, pandemic relegates women peacebuilders to the margins

read more
Conflict Weekly
October 2020 | IPRI # 104
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Six million COVID cases in India, Abdullah Abdullah's visit to Pakistan, China's naval exercises in four seas, and the new tensions in Nagorno Karabakh

read more
Conflict Weekly
September 2020 | IPRI # 103
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Al Qaeda module in India, Naga Peace talks and the Polio problem in Pakistan

read more
Conflict Weekly
September 2020 | IPRI # 102
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The Afghan summit in Doha, India-China Five Points agreement, Women protest in Pakistan, New amendment in Sri Lanka and the Bahrain-Israel rapprochement

read more
The Middle East
September 2020 | IPRI # 101
IPRI Comments

Samreen Wani

Lebanon: Can Macron's visit prevent the unravelling?

read more
Africa
September 2020 | IPRI # 100
IPRI Comments

Sankalp Gurjar

In Sudan, the government signs an agreement with the rebels. However, there are serious challenges

read more
Conflict Weekly
September 2020 | IPRI # 99
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Targeted Violence in Pakistan, Protests in Hong Kong and the Charlie Hebdo Trial in France

read more
The Friday Backgrounder
September 2020 | IPRI # 98
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

J&K: The PDP meeting, Muharram clashes and the Kashmiri parties vis-à-vis Pakistan

read more
Conflict Weekly
September 2020 | IPRI # 97
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Anti Racist Protests in the US and the Floods in Pakistan

read more
Discussion Report
August 2020 | IPRI # 96
IPRI Comments

Sukanya Bali and Abigail Miriam Fernandez

Sri Lanka: Election Analysis, Expectations from the Government, Challenges Ahead, & a road map for India

read more
The Friday Backgrounder
August 2020 | IPRI # 95
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: The Gupkar Resolution is a good beginning. So is the NIA charge sheet on the Pulwama Attack.

read more
Conflict Weekly
August 2020 | IPRI # 94
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Proposed amendment in Sri Lanka, Verdict on the gunman in New Zealand, Peace Conference in Myanmar and the Ceasefire troubles in Libya

read more
The Friday Backgrounder
August 2020 | IPRI # 93
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

J&K: Baby steps taken. Now, time to introduce a few big-ticket items

read more
Conflict Weekly
August 2020 | IPRI # 92
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Further trouble to the Naga Peace Talks, Taliban attack on woman negotiator, Protests in Thailand, Belarus and Bolivia, Israel-UAE Rapprochement, and the Oil Spill in Mauritius

read more
Friday Backgrounder
August 2020 | IPRI # 91
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: Integration and Assimilation are not synonymous.

read more
Conflict Weekly
August 2020 | IPRI # 90
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Release of Taliban prisoners in Afghanistan, Troubles in Naga Peace Talks in India’s Northeast, and a deadly week in Lebanon

read more
Friday Backgrounder
August 2020 | IPRI # 89
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: One year later, is it time to change gears?

read more
Discussion Report
August 2020 | IPRI # 88
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

Sri Lanka Elections 2020 - A Curtain Raiser: Issues, Actors, and Challenges

read more
Conflict Weekly
August 2020 | IPRI # 87
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

J&K a year after 5 August 2019, Militant ambush in Manipur, Environmental protests in Northeast India, and the return of street protests in Iraq

read more
Friday Backgrounder
July 2020 | IPRI # 86
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: Omar Abdullah complains, there is no space for mainstream leaders. Should there be one?

read more
Conflict Weekly 28
July 2020 | IPRI # 85
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Floods in Bihar, Nepal and Bangladesh, Abduction of a journalist in Pakistan, Neutralization of militants in Srinagar and the UNAMA report on Afghanistan

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
July 2020 | IPRI # 84
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

In Sri Lanka, 20 years later women still await the return of post war normalcy

read more
Friday Backgrounder
July 2020 | IPRI # 83
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

J&K: After the Hurriyat, is the PDP relevant in Kashmir politics today?

read more
Conflict Weekly 27
July 2020 | IPRI # 82
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Devastating floods in Assam, and a mob Lynching of cattle smugglers along India-Bangladesh border

read more
WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
July 2020 | IPRI # 81
IPRI Comments

Mehjabin Ferdous

In Bangladesh, laws need to catch up with reality

read more
Conflict Weekly 26
July 2020 | IPRI # 80
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Violence in India's Northeast, FGM ban in Sudan, the UN warning on Global Hunger & the Return of Global Protests

read more
Friday Backgrounder
July 2020 | IPRI # 79
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

J&K: Four years after Burhan Wani

read more
Conflict Weekly 25
July 2020 | IPRI # 78
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Conflict and COVID in J&K, Dispute over constructing a temple in Islamabad, Return of the Indian fishermen into the Sri Lankan Waters, and the water conflict over River Nile in Africa

read more
Friday Backgrounder
July 2020 | IPRI # 77
IPRI Comments

D. Suba Chandran

The Rise, Fall and Irrelevance of Geelani. And the Hurriyat

read more
Conflict Weekly 24
July 2020 | IPRI # 76
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Geelani's Exit and Continuing Violence in J&K, and the BLA attack on Pakistan stock exchange in Karachi

read more
June 2020 | IPRI # 75
IPRI Comments

Sudip Kumar Kundu

Cyclone Amphan: West Bengal, Odisha limp back to a distorted normalcy

read more
June 2020 | IPRI # 74
IPRI Comments

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

An olive branch to the PTM in Pakistan: Will the PTI heed to the Pashtun rights movement

read more
Conflict Weekly 23
June 2020 | IPRI # 73
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Baloch Disappearance issue returns, Nepal tightens Citizenship rules, and Egypt enters the conflict in Libya

read more
Conflict Weekly 22
June 2020 | IPRI # 72
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Violence escalates along the India-China border, Cartographic tensions over India-Nepal border, Gas explosion in Assam and Deadly attacks by the Boko Haram in Nigeria

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Conflict Weekly 21
June 2020 | IPRI # 71
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Echoes of Black Lives Matter, Violence in Kashmir Valley, Rohingyas in the deep blue sea, One year of Hong Kong protests, Conflict in Libya and the human-wildlife conflict in South Asia

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Conflict Weekly 20
June 2020 | IPRI # 70
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

A week of violence in the US, Afghanistan and Africa, Urban drivers of political violence, and anti-racism protests in Europe

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Conflict Weekly 19
May 2020 | IPRI # 69
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Cyclone Amphan in the Bay of Bengal, Ceasefire in Afghanistan, Indo-Nepal border dispute in Kalapani, Honour Killing in Pakistan, New protests  in Hong Kong & the Anti-lockdown protests in Europe

read more
Conflict Weekly 18
May 2020 | IPRI # 68
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Kalapani dispute in India-Nepal border, Migrants exodus in India, Continuing violence in Balochistan and KP

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Conflict Weekly 17
May 2020 | IPRI # 67
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The return of Hong Kong Protests, a new Ceasefire in Myanmar, China-Australia Tensions on COVID & Trade, and the Al Qaeda-Islamic State clashes in Africa

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Conflict Weekly 16
May 2020 | IPRI # 66
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The Binge-fighting in Kashmir Valley, SIGAR report on Afghanistan, Killing of a PTM leader in Pakistan, the US Religious Freedom watchlist, and Haftar's ceasefire call in Libya

read more
Conflict Weekly 15
April 2020 | IPRI # 65
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Ceasefire and Self Rule in Yemen, Syrian war trial in Germany, SIPRI annual report on military spending, and Low civilian casualties in Afghanistan 

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One year after the Easter Attacks in Sri Lanka
April 2020 | IPRI # 64
IPRI Comments

D Suba Chandran

Healing needs Forgiveness, Accountability, Responsibility and Justice

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One year after the Easter Attacks in Sri Lanka
April 2020 | IPRI # 63
IPRI Comments

La Toya Waha

Have the Islamists Won? 

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Conflict Weekly 14
April 2020 | IPRI # 62
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

A new wave of arrests in Hong Kong, One year after Easter Sunday attacks in Sri Lanka, ISIS violence in Mozambique, and the coming global Food Crisis

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 61
IPRI Comments

Alok Kumar Gupta

Jharkhand: Proactive Judiciary, Strong Civil Society Role, Rural Vigilantes

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 60
IPRI Comments

Alok Kumar Gupta

Bihar as Late Entrant: No Prompt Action, Punitive Measures, Migrant Crisis 

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 59
IPRI Comments

Anshuman Behera

Odisha’s Three Principles: Prepare for the Worst, Prepare Early, Prevent Loss of Lives

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 58
IPRI Comments

Niharika Sharma

New Delhi as Hotspot: Border Sealing, Curbing Fake News, Proactive leadership

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 57
IPRI Comments

Vaishali Handique

Northeast India: Civil Society in Unison, Media against Racism, Government’s Timely Preparedness 

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 56
IPRI Comments

Shyam Hari P

Kerala: Past Lessons and War-Footing response by the administration

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 55
IPRI Comments

Shilajit Sengupta

West Bengal: Proactive Local Leadership, Early Lockdown and Decentralised Action

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 54
IPRI Comments

P Harini Sha

Tamil Nadu’s Three Pronged Approach: Delay Virus Spread, Community Preparedness, Welfare Schemes 

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COVID-19 and the Indian States
April 2020 | IPRI # 53
IPRI Comments

Hrudaya C Kamasani

Andhra Pradesh: Early course correction, Independent leadership and Targeted Mitigation  

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 52
IPRI Comments

Sanduni Atapattu

Preventing hatred and suspicion would be a bigger struggle

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 51
IPRI Comments

Chavindi Weerawansha

A majority in the minority community suffers, for the action of a few

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 50
IPRI Comments

Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare

The Cardinal sermons for peace, with a message to forgive

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 49
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

Who and Why of the Perpetrators

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 48
IPRI Comments

Natasha Fernando

In retrospect, where did we go wrong?

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 47
IPRI Comments

Ruwanthi Jayasekara

Build the power of Co-existence, Trust, Gender and Awareness

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 46
IPRI Comments

N Manoharan

New ethnic faultlines at macro and micro levels

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ONE YEAR AFTER THE EASTER ATTACKS IN SRI LANKA
April 2020 | IPRI # 45
IPRI Comments

Asanga Abeyagoonasekera

A year has gone, but the pain has not vanished

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
April 2020 | IPRI # 44
IPRI Comments

Kabi Adhikari

In Nepal, it is a struggle for the women out of the patriarchal shadows

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
April 2020 | IPRI # 43
IPRI Comments

Jenice Jean Goveas

In India, the glass is half full for the women

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WOMEN, PEACE AND TWENTY YEARS OF UNSC 1325
April 2020 | IPRI # 42
IPRI Comments

Fatemah Ghafori

In Afghanistan, there is no going back for the women

read more
Conflict Weekly 13
April 2020 | IPRI # 41
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Executing Mujib's killer in Bangladesh, Continuing conflicts in Myanmar, Questioning Government's sincerity in Naga Peace Deal, Releasing Taliban prisoners in Afghanistan, and a report on damming the Mekong river by China

read more
Conflict Weekly 12
April 2020 | IPRI # 40
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Globally, Coronavirus increases Domestic Violence, deflates Global Protests, threatens Indigenous Communities and imperils the migrants. In South Asia, two reports question the Assam Foreign Tribunal and the Afghan Peace deal

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Afghanistan
April 2020 | IPRI # 39
IPRI Comments

Sukanya Bali

One month after the deal with the Taliban: Problems Four, Progress None

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Conflict Weekly 11
April 2020 | IPRI # 38
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Releasing a former soldier convicted of a war crime in Sri Lanka, Deepening of internal conflicts in Myanmar and the Taliban’s Deal is a smokescreen in Afghanistan

read more
Report Review
March 2020 | IPRI # 37
IPRI Comments

Lakshmi V Menon

Pakistan: Decline in Terrorism

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Conflict Weekly 10
March 2020 | IPRI # 36
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

More violence in Afghanistan, Naxal ambush in India, Federal-Provincial differences in Pakistan's Corona fight, and a new report on the impact of CoronaVirus on Conflicts

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Conflict Weekly 09
March 2020 | IPRI # 35
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

The CoronaVirus: South Asia copes, China stabilises, Europe bleeds and the US wakes up finally

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Conflict Weekly 08
March 2020 | IPRI # 34
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Triumphant Women's march across Pakistan, Anti-CAA Protests in Dhaka,  Two Presidents in Afghanistan, and Turkey-Russia Ceasefire in Syria

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Conflict Weekly 07
March 2020 | IPRI # 33
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Aurat March in Pakistan, US-Taliban Deal in Doha, Anti-CAA protest in Meghalaya, Sri Lanka’s withdrawal from the UNCHCR Resolution, and the problems of ceasefire in Syria and Libya 

read more
Conflict Weekly 06
February 2020 | IPRI # 32
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Seven Days of Peace in Afghanistan, Violence in Delhi, Setback to Peace Talks on Libya and the Ceasefire in Gaza

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Conflict Weekly 05
February 2020 | IPRI # 31
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Afghan Election Results, US-Taliban Deal, Hafiz Saeed Conviction, Quetta Suicide Attack, Assam Accord, Mexico Femicide and the Climate Change impact on Bird Species

read more
Conflict Weekly 04
February 2020 | IPRI # 30
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Sri Lanka drops Tamil anthem, Assam looks for a new census for the indigenous Muslim population, Bangladesh faces a Rohingya boat tragedy and Israel witnesses resurgence of violence post-Trump deal

read more
Conflict Weekly 03
February 2020 | IPRI # 29
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Continuing Violence in Afghanistan, Bodo Peace Accord in Northeast India, Attack on the anti-CAA protesters in Delhi, and Trump's Middle East Peace Plan

read more
Conflict Weekly 02
January 2020 | IPRI # 28
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Bangladesh and ICJ's Rohingya Verdict, Taliban and Afghan Peace, Surrenders in India's Northeast, New government in Lebanon and the Berlin summit on Libya

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Conflict Weekly 01
January 2020 | IPRI # 27
IPRI Comments

IPRI Team

Nile River Agreement, Tehran Protests, Syrians meet in Berlin, Honduran Caravans in Mexico, Taliban's ceasefire offer, Quetta Suicide attack, Supreme court verdict on J&K and the Brus Agreement in Tripura

read more
Myanmar
October 2019 | IPRI # 26
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

Will prosecuting Suu Kyi resolve the Rohingya problem?

read more
Climate Change
October 2019 | IPRI # 25
IPRI Comments

Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh

Four Actors, No Action

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From Okjökull to OK:
September 2019 | IPRI # 24
IPRI Comments

Rashmi Ramesh

Death of a Glacier in Iceland

read more
The Hong Kong Protests:
August 2019 | IPRI # 23
IPRI Comments

Harini Madhusudan

Re-defining mass mobilization

read more
The Hong Kong Protest:
August 2019 | IPRI # 22
IPRI Comments

Parikshith Pradeep

Who Wants What?

read more
Africa
December 2020 | IPRI # 6
IPRI Briefs

Apoorva Sudhakar

Ballots and Bloodshed: Trends of electoral violence in Africa

read more
Myanmar
March 2019 | IPRI # 5
IPRI Comments

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

The Other Conflict in Rakhine State

read more
West Asia
February 2019 | IPRI # 4
IPRI Comments

Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer

Yemen: Will Sa'nna fall?

read more
China and Islam
February 2019 | IPRI # 3
IPRI Comments

Harini Madhusudhan

Sinicizing the Minorities

read more
Terrorism
January 2019 | IPRI # 2
IPRI Comments

Sourina Bej

Maghreb: What makes al Shahab Resilient?

read more
India's Northeast
July 2019 | IPRI # 1
IPRI Briefs

Titsala Sangtam

Counting Citizens: Manipur charts its own NRC

read more